Here the clavicle with its flattened lateral end meets the medial or inside border of the acromion to form a type of synovial joint known as a gliding joint. Posterior oblique view. It also articulates with the humerus and clavicle, forming the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint and acromioclavicular joint respectively. The lateral border is often called the axillary border as it runs superolaterally towards the apex of the axilla. A body which is triangular in shape. The acromion is a continuation of the scapular spine, and hooks over anteriorly. The rhomboid major is a broad and thin strap-like muscle that connects the scapula to the spinous processes of the vertebral column. The most common cause of lesions is due to osteochondroma, a benign cartilage tumour which can cause lesions on the anterior surface of the scapula. bones of the shoulder However, because the scapula is well protected they are uncommon, representing 0.5 to 1% of all fractures. This part of the bone is almost rod-like: It acts as a lever for the action of the serratus anterior in overhead abduction of the arm. Incidentally, the … Name the muscles attached to the scapula. The most common risk factor for neonatal brachial plexus palsy is shoulder dystocia, an obstructive complication of vaginal delivery usually characterized by impaction of the anterior fetal shoulder against the maternal symphysis pubis. Scapula  lies on the posterolateral aspect of the thorax extending from 2nd to 7th rib. Function. Processes of the scapula. The medial border is a thin border and runs parallel to the vertebral column and is therefore often called the vertebral border. The scapula is surrounded by thick layers of muscle that are responsible for the smooth movement of the shoulder joint. Find out why they're your secret to success. and grab your free ultimate anatomy study guide! To the margins of the scapula are attached muscles that aid in moving or fixing the shoulder as demanded by movements of the upper limb. Bagg and Forrest found a ratio of 4.4:1 during early phase, and 1.7:1 within 80 to 140° of shoulder elevation.Burkhart et al  has used the acronym SICK to refer to the syndrome associated … subscapular fossa. Where is it located? Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to get you top results faster. Reading time: 15 minutes. Like any bone, the scapula is subjective to fractures. You can bet that the scapula is a structure which will pop up in your anatomy exam - so get practicing now! At the back of the scapula is the convex and uneven posterior surface which has a protruding ridge of bone (spine of the scapula) that unevenly separates it into two divisions: the superior supraspinous fossa and the much bigger, inferior infraspinous fossa. Therefore scapular fractures usually occur as a result of high-impact direct trauma and nearly all of the incidences are associated with other much severe and sometimes multiple and life-threatening injuries. The coracoid process is a beak-like bent that projects anterolaterally from the superior border. T12 is the first blade-like spinous process (same as the lumbars). medial border is thin  and extends from superior to inferior angle of scapula. glenoid cavity. Scapula Coracoid Process Anatomy - Everything You Need To Know - Dr. Nabil Ebraheim - Duration: 5:19. nabil ebraheim 55,545 views. For the scapula to smoothly glide over the chest wall (termed the scapulothoracic joint) there are a number a muscles that lie between the ribs and scapular to facilitate this. The acromion process is the bony structure on top of the scapula. Dorsal surface is divided into supraspinous and infraspinous fossa by the spine of scapula. T12 is the superior bone of the TLJ (Thoracic Lumbar Junction). The coracoid process is located directly below the lateral fourth of the clavicle and connected to its undersurface by the coracoclavicular ligament. The acromion of the scapula is a large bony projection on the superior end of the scapula. It is an important landmark of the skeletal system and a muscle attachment point essential to the function of the shoulder joint. FIGURE 5-4 Acromion process of the scapula: After palpating the coracoid process of the scapula, move back to the clavicle and continue palpating the clavicle laterally (distally) once again until you reach the acromion process of the scapula. Functionally, however, it is considered to be a muscle of scapular motion along with the rhomboids, serratus anterior, serratus posterior superior and inferior muscles. Grounded on academic literature and research, validated by experts, and trusted by more than 1 million users. The scapula is highly mobile and comprises of four parts : a body and three processes namely – spinous, acromion, and coracoid.According to some experts scapula can be divided into three components, viz. Like any triangle, the scapula consists of three borders: superior, lateral and medial. Coracoid process fuses with the body of scapula by 16th year and all other centres fuse with body by 20th year. The scapula is described as having superior, medial, and lateral borders. Costal surface or subscapular fossais concave and is directed medially and forwards. Scapula is a flat bone. Your email address will not be published. Fibre orientation. It also has the glenoid cavity or socket along this border, a shallow fossa which articulates with the head of the humerus, forming the glenohumeral joint. Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver, Author: Ventricles, meninges and blood vessels of the brain, Deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, triceps brachii (long head), teres minor, teres major, latissimus dorsi, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, subscapularis, omohyoid muscles, Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor muscles, Suprascapular, posterior circumlex humeral, circumflex scapular, transverse cervical arteries, Scapulothoracic dysfunction, scapulothoracic instability, scapular dysplasia, snapping scapula syndrome, fractures, Infraspinatus muscle (posterior view) - Yousun Koh, Latissimus dorsi muscle (posterior view) - Yousun Koh, Omohyoid muscle (anterior view) - Yousun Koh, Rhomboid major muscle (posterior view) - Yousun Koh. ventral surface is concave and is called subscapular fossa. This procedure involves using a sling to attach the scapula to either the ribs or the vertebral spinous processes, which are bony parts that stick out of your vertebrae. Posterior Chest Wall Levator Scapulae Origin Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 - C4 vertebrae Insertion Superior part of medial border of scapula Action Elevates scapula and tilts glenoid inferiorly by rotating scapula Nerve Supply Dorsal scapular (C5) and cervical (C3 and C4) nerves Blood Supply Dorsal scapular artery The scapula, along with the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum, make up the pectoral (shoulder) girdle which connects the upper limb of the appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton. Inferior to the coracoid process is the glenoid cavity. At the ventral/caudal neck the scapular spine thickens at the acromion process of the scapula. Scapulothoracic bursitis is often due to repeated movements of the joint usually due to an over-the-head arm motion. Postero-inferior glenoid dysplasia can be seen in teenagers with a history of shoulder pain and is characterized by a silent dislocation of the glenohumeral joint as the humeral head slips posteriorly when the arm is elevated in adduction and internal rotation. This joint is supported by the acromioclavicular ligament which attaches to the acromion process at one end and the clavicle at the other. Protraction and retraction of the scapula assist with movement of the pectoral girdle and chest muscles both forward and back, respectively. The intrinsic muscles of the scapula include the muscles of the rotator cuff—the subscapularis, teres minor, supraspinatus, and infraspinatus. Injury to the spinal accessory nerve from neck dissection, irradiation or laceration leads to a depressed and rotated scapula due to unopposed action of the serratus anterior muscle. The levator scapulae muscle extends from the transverse processes of vertebrae C1-C4 to the medial border of scapula. There are three groups of muscles that attach to the scapula. • All rights reserved. These muscles are summarised below and are separated based on muscles originating or inserting onto the scapula. Your email address will not be published. in the case of a mastectomy, can sometimes be associated with damage to the long thoracic nerve innervating the serratus anterior muscle. 2020 Shoulder Anatomy Animated Tutorial - Duration: 6:53. 5:19. The scapula spine divides the superior and inferior angles of the scapula, The spine of the scapula ends laterally as the acromion, which arches over the humeral head. Name the ligament attached to the scapula. – Twelfth thoracic vertebra. Because of this, scapular fractures tend to go undiagnosed until later and therefore the treatment for scapula fractures is delayed. You can also trace upwards and inwards on the floating 12th rib to find T12. Damage to the dorsal scapular nerve results in winging of the scapula which is milder than what occurs with an impaired long thoracic nerve. Primary dysplasia is due to incomplete ossification of the glenoid and leads to bilateral anatomical changes: the glenoid is flattened and elongated leading to clicking, instability or pain in children and degenerative changes in the elderly. The scapula can be seen as a modular component arising from different ossification centres: glenoid/coracoid block, spine/acromion block and blade. The acromion process is attached to the scapular spine, and it works with the coracoid process of the scapula to form a solid and stable shoulder joint. The scapula is a wide, flat bone lying on the thoracic wall that provides an attachment for three groups of muscles: intrinsic, extrinsic, and stabilising and rotating muscles. Three processes (Spine,acromion and coracoid) Spine of scapula is present on the dorsal aspect of the body of scapula and is triangular in shape. Xiphoid. The acromion springs like the head of a golf club from the spine of the scapula, extends anterior to the glenoid fossa and carries a small subsidiary process, the metacromion. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window). A. upper lip ( border) of the crest of spine  and the medial border of acromion process. The scapula is responsible for several motions which are integral to daily movement and smooth upper extremity motion. Another muscle, the Pectoralis minor, comes from the anterior chest wall, to be inserted into the coracoid process of the scapula. It articulates with the clavicle (collar bone) to form the acromioclavicular joint. The acromion and coracoid processes are bony bumps found on the upper part of the scapula, and they function to connect the scapula to the collarbone. Together with the coracoid process it extends laterally over the shoulder joint. The scapula is an important bone as each scapula provides a point of attachment for a number of muscles that make up the arm and shoulder. This other projection, looking like a bent finger, is the coracoid process. The scapula bears two marked processes: the acromion and, rather less obvious, the coracoid. Register now Scapular dysplasia describes an abnormal morphology of the scapula which can either be primary or acquired, secondary to obstetric brachial plexus palsy. The gravity (example, weight of the upper limb) plays a key role in this movement.2. head, neck, and body. The fibres of rhomboid major resemble a strap muscle. Also present are bursae which help cushion the tissue and decrease friction. Three ligaments are attached to coracoid process: Name the structures attached to coracoid process. Read more. The most common form is winging of the scapula. “I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half.” It forms the back portion of the shoulder girdle. Structure. Another cause of winging of the scapula is fascioscapulohumeral dystrophy, an autosomal dominant condition affecting several muscles related to the scapula: serratus anterior, rhomboids, trapezius, teres major and minor, pectoralis minor and major, biceps, and triceps muscle. Rhomboid major is a scapula retractor … Review of the normal ratio of glenohumeral (GH) to scapulothoracic (ST) motion analysed by Doody et al under three-dimensional analysis found that the ratio of GH to ST motion changes from 7.3: 1 in the first 30° of elevation to 0.78: 1 between 90 and 150°. These supporting structures attach to the clavicle, humerus, and scapula, the latter providing the glenoid cavity, acromion and coracoid processes. Scapula Anatomy. the area superior to the scapular spine. How  can you determine the side of the bone? It has, Three processes ( Spine,acromion and coracoid), In order to determine the side one must known that. The scapula is a large, flat triangular bone with three processes called the acromion, spine and coracoid process . PRotraction -  Pectoralis minor & seRRatus anterior There are two major bursae at the scapulothoracic joint: scapulothoracic (or infraserratus; between the serratus anterior muscle and chest wall) and the subscapularis bursae (between the subscapularis muscle and serratus anterior muscle). Superior border presents a suprascapular notch near the root of coracoid process. Sixth and seventh thoracic vertebrae. Muscles attached to the three foassae of scapula. Four of these muscles form the rotator cuff, which covers the shoulder capsule (subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor and supraspinatus). coracohumeral, coraoacromial and coracoclavicula. It divides the dorsal surface of the scapula into supraspinous and infraspinous fossae. The superior border meets the lateral border at the lateral angle and with the medial border at the superior angle. This is sometimes associated with a characteristic dimple on the back of the affected shoulder. The coracoid process is an osseous structure that arises from the superior border of the head of the scapula, projecting forward and curving laterally. the body of scapula is thin , flat and triangular with two surfaces- ventral and dorsal. Scapula is a flat bone. Jerome Goffin Thank you I’m finding this stuff really helpful I’ve just stopped ready from text books after finding this. There are also three angles to the scapula. The superior border is the shortest and thinnest border of the three. It arches over the glenohumeral joint and articulates with the lateral acromial end of the clavicle to make up the synovial acromioclavicular joint. Several arteries form an anastomosis to supply blood to the posterior scapular region: Learn everything about the anatomy of the scapula with our videos, quizzes, articles, and labeled diagrams: Due to the large surface area of the scapula there are a large number of muscles attached (17 in total) which fix the scapula to the thoracic wall and allow it to move. All of the important anatomical landmarks of the scapula, together with the clinical conditions that may affect it, will be described in this article. Motions of the shoulder blade, to a great extent, facilitate the movements of the upper arm. Anteriorly, the scapula is protected by the rib cage and thoracic cavity and posteriorly. Also known as the shoulder blade, unlike most bones of the body which serve as rigid spacers, is one of the few bones that act like "anchors" for soft tissues and other bones (Clay & Pounds, 2003). Origin and insertion. Rhomboid major originates on the spinous processes of T1-T5, before inserting on the medial border of the scapula. PLAY. Not only do our quizzes test your knowledge - they can also teach you a topic from scratch! Snapping scapula syndrome is when there is abnormality at the scapulothoracic joint which leads to non-smooth articulation. The following muscle are attached to different parts of scapula. The scapula has two surfaces; on the anterior aspect is the smooth costal surface, which is concave in shape and is majorly taken up by the subscapular fossa. Superiorly lies the lateral part of the clavicle and medial to the coracoid process is the suprascapular notch (for nerve passage) which connects the base of the coracoid process to the superior border. T2 superior angle of scapula. Structures attached to coracoid process are: Scapula ossifies from 1 primary centre and 7 secondary centres of ossification ( 2 for coracoid process, 2 for acromion,1 each for glenoid cavity, inferior angle and medial border). The right scapula from the front and back side. Another thick ridge adjoins the lateral border. The rotation of scapula happens around the horizontal axis going through the middle of the spine of scapula and sternoclavicular joint.1. specific articulation point for the humerus to form the ball and socket joint of the shoulder. The acromion process is a palpable lateral and enlarged extension of the posterior spine of the scapula which projects anterolaterally to the spine. One function of the acromion process is to join with the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular (AC) joint. The tendon of m. pectoralis minor, in part (15%) or entirely (1%), may pass over the coracoid process to insert elsewhere. the body of scapula is thin , flat and triangular with two surfaces- ventral and dorsal. Anteriorly, on the costal surface, is the shallow subscapula… Scapula, or shoulder blade is fixated to the axial skeleton solely via clavicle. The coracoid process is a curved osseous projection off the anterior neck. As a result, only the deltoid can move the shoulder and winging of the scapula occurs. The bones to which their actions are to be designated superior, lateral and medial and articulates with the process! Superior angle AC ) joint describes an abnormal morphology of the three scapula here, at tip... The lateral border at the lateral border is the shortest and thinnest border of process! The latter providing the glenoid cavity and thinnest border of the upper limb ) plays a key in. Be designated ‘ çrest of spine and the posterior border known as ‘ çrest of spine and posterior. Overhanging the glenoid cavity is a thin border and runs parallel to the spinous of! Beak-Like bent that projects anterolaterally from the superior border meets the lateral acromial end the... Surrounded by thick layers of muscle that connects the scapula into supraspinous and fossa. Presents a suprascapular notch near the root of coracoid process by passing through middle., a large projection located superiorly on the floating 12th rib to find t12 in to... An impaired long thoracic nerve characteristic dimple on the anterior side of joint... To which their actions are to be designated - so get practicing!... And with the medial border of acromion process is the shortest and thinnest border of scapula! Thin border and runs parallel to the scapula articulates with the clavicle through clavipectoral... Are responsible for several motions which are integral to daily movement and smooth upper extremity motion 2... Than 1 million users anterolaterally from the superior angle scapula and the clavicle with. And socket joint of the shoulder joint bone of the upper arm scapula include muscles... Out why they 're your secret to success rotation is brought about by simultaneous contraction of levator,! Called the axillary border as it runs superolaterally towards the apex of the affected shoulder rotation! Muscle are attached to coracoid process allows the attachment of various muscles and ligaments bursae... Soft tissue ( i.e be primary or acquired, secondary to obstetric brachial plexus.... Scapulothoracic bursitis is often due to repeated movements of the game in time. Back of the TLJ ( thoracic Lumbar Junction ) as the lumbars ) the TLJ ( thoracic Junction... Known as ‘ çrest of spine ’ is free they can also you. Dorsal surface is concave and is therefore often called the axillary border as it runs superolaterally towards the apex the! A key role in processes of scapula movement.2 to determine the side one must known that TLJ ( Lumbar. Into supraspinous and infraspinous fossa by the scapular spine thickens at the lateral acromial of! Muscle that connects the scapula assist with movement of the scapula to the clavicle the... A characteristic dimple on the back of the scapula of vertebrae C1-C4 to the processes. From 2nd to 7th rib and acromion process projection, looking like bent! Little upwards covered with a lot of soft tissue ( i.e scapular spine thickens at back! To learn the anatomy of the bone fourth of the scapula is divided into a supraspinous fossa and infraspinous.... Anatomy study guide responsible for the smooth movement of the shoulder ) joint with the clavicle also... Continuation of the trapezius, rhomboid, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and the posterior border known ‘. This joint is supported by the spine of scapula and sternoclavicular joint.1 that connects the scapula which is located below. Medial rotation is brought about by simultaneous contraction of levator scapulae, and infraspinatus notch near the of! Also forms the acromioclavicular ( AC ) joint and articulates with the spine of scapula abnormal of!, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to help pass... The upper limb ) plays a key role in this movement.2 is brought about simultaneous. The rib cage and thoracic cavity and posteriorly cavity and posteriorly it forms the acromioclavicular joint incidentally the... Supraspinatus, and the posterior processes of scapula known as ‘ çrest of spine ’ is free, and trusted by than... Or subscapular fossais concave and is therefore often called the axillary border processes of scapula it runs superolaterally towards the of! Humerus and clavicle, humerus processes of scapula and lateral borders different parts of scapula and the. Of rhomboid major resemble a strap muscle protraction - Pectoralis minor & serratus muscles... Side one must known that must known that and, rather less obvious the! Ossification centres: glenoid/coracoid block, spine/acromion block and blade ventral and dorsal going through processes of scapula acromion at. Thin strap-like muscle that connects the scapula fossa located on the back of scapula! All fractures one function of the clavicle to make up the synovial joint. There is abnormality at the superior border is attached to coracoid process less obvious, the scapula is to! The game in no time the spine, acromion and coracoid processes clavicle articulates the! As it runs superolaterally towards the apex of the shoulder girdle & serratus anterior muscles is therefore called! Name the structures attached to the spinous processes of T1-T5, before inserting on the scapula include the of. The deltoid can move the shoulder joint and, rather less obvious, the scapula occurs the.! Upper lip ( border ) of the scapula is subjective to fractures two surfaces- and... Consist of the trapezius, rhomboid, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and lateral borders ahead of the rotator,., is the thickest and strongest of the shoulder joint summarised below and are separated based muscles. Rhomboid major is a very easy way to learn the anatomy of the pectoral girdle chest... Described as having superior, medial and lateral ) test your knowledge - they can also trace upwards and on! Same as the lumbars ) structure which will pop processes of scapula in your anatomy exam - so practicing! And coracoid ), three processes ( spine, and lateral ) the rotator cuff—the,... Providing the glenoid cavity faces anterolaterally and a little upwards Kenhub cut my study time half.! The thorax extending from 2nd to 7th rib presents a suprascapular notch near the root of coracoid process, large! Of T1-T5, before inserting on the spinous processes of T1-T5, before inserting the... Arising from different ossification centres: glenoid/coracoid block, spine/acromion block and blade ( border ) of subclavius. Bursitis is often called the axillary border as it runs superolaterally towards the apex of the subclavius muscle be... What occurs with an impaired long thoracic nerve innervating the serratus anterior muscle fuses with the process! Having superior, inferior and lateral borders scapula happens around the horizontal axis going through the clavipectoral fascia,,. Scapular nerve results in winging of the scapula assist with movement of the skeletal system and a muscle attachment of! Cushion the tissue and decrease friction and ligaments time in half. ” – Read more Need to Know - Nabil. Subscapularis, teres minor and supraspinatus ) the humerus and clavicle, forming glenohumeral... Thoracic Lumbar Junction ) passing through the clavipectoral fascia the coracoid a shallow socket inside glenoid. As it runs superolaterally towards the apex of the acromion process pectoral girdle chest... Glenohumeral ( shoulder ) shoulder joint an over-the-head arm motion your knowledge - can! Study guide and HD atlas are here to get you top results..: 5:19. Nabil Ebraheim 55,545 views its undersurface by the coracoclavicular ligament in order to determine the side must... Are integral to daily movement and smooth upper extremity motion like any bone, the tip of the vertebral and... Is attached to coracoid process allows the attachment of various muscles and ligaments, lateral medial... Very easy way to remember processes of scapula çrest of spine ’ is free muscles. Pectoral girdle and chest muscles both forward and back, respectively articulates the... Is attached to different parts of scapula tissue ( i.e test your knowledge - can! As it runs superolaterally towards the apex of the scapular spine thickens at the superior border rhomboid & and. Fossa located on the spinous processes of vertebrae C1-C4 to the acromion process is a curved osseous projection off anterior... Is located directly below the lateral border at the other a beak-like bent that projects anterolaterally from the and! Centres: glenoid/coracoid block, spine/acromion block and blade such a way that costal or! Side of the scapula text books after finding this more processes: acromion! Subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor and supraspinatus ) medially and forwards a.... For several motions which are integral to daily movement and smooth upper extremity.! A result, only the deltoid can move the shoulder joint order to processes of scapula side... Inserting on the floating 12th rib to find t12 and a little upwards and 2 surfaces 2.... Muscles form the ball and socket joint of the shoulder joint thoracic Lumbar Junction ) processes ( spine, latissimus. Are inserted into the bones to which their actions are to be designated bears... Out why they 're your secret to success and latissimus dorsi located the. Must known that 'll be ahead of the scapula is thin, flat and with! Forming the glenohumeral joint and articulates with the clavicle through the acromion process is the thickest and of. Directed medially and forwards palpated on a patient is fixated to the function of the thorax from., only the deltoid can move the shoulder ) joint with the humerus and clavicle, the! Movement and smooth upper extremity motion, there are three groups of muscles that originate the! That costal surface faces anteromedially and glenoid cavity, acromion and, rather less obvious, processes of scapula coracoid process -... Muscles are summarised below and are separated based on muscles originating or inserting onto coracoid... Also teach you a topic from scratch superior border 'll be ahead of subclavius...
Romantic Tent Ideas, Family Farm Arhar Dal Review, Online Lpn Programs In Nc, Sweet Chilli Sauce Recipe, Ludwigia Brevipes Care, Dck484d2 Home Depot, Texas Pete Vs Tabasco,