clinical anatomy of ulna

The Ulna is the medial bone of forearm and is homologous to the lateral bone of legâ the fibula.The ulna is attached to by muscles in the arm and forearm to perform movements of wrist, hand and the arm. Clinical Anatomy - Upper Extremity study guide by bambam5_ includes 46 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. Discover why exactly anatomy quiz questions are the secret to your success. The distal ulna is known to be shaped by the cartilage surface, fovea, sulcus of the extensor carpi ulnaris, and styloid process. Head of the ulna. – 2014;6(2):5325. doi:10.4081/or.2014.5325. Med Ed Media. Bones, D. Radius, Page 22 and E. Ulna, Page 23. CONCLUSIONS: The RNU anatomy was variable, generally extending laterally from proximal to distal. The radius is the shorter of the two bones of the forearm and is comprised of a shaft, along with a proximal and a distal extremity. The lateral, distal end of the ulna is the head of the ulna. Medical Terminology Daily (MTD) is a blog sponsored by Clinical Anatomy Associates, Inc. as a service to the medical community, medical students, and the medical industry. Examples of these fractures include: Grounded on academic literature and research, validated by experts, and trusted by more than 1 million users. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. Frank H. Netter, MD, Atlas of Human Anatomy, 5th Edition, Saunders Elsevier, Chapter 6 Upper Limb, Subchapter 46. Learn everything about the humerus anatomy here: Therefore the radius is considered to be the larger of the two. Function Articulations Elbow Anatomy and Biomechanics of Forearm Rotation. Brittany Ferri, MS, OTR-L, CCTP, is an occupational therapist, consultant, and author specializing in psychosocial rehab. In Clinical Orthopaedic Rehabilitation: A Team Approach (Fourth Edition). It lies medially and parallel to the radius, the second of the forearm bones. 2015;51(1):3-10. doi:10.1016/j.rboe.2015.12.008, Diwan A, Eberlin KR, Smith RM. “I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half.” Radius and ulna: want to learn more about it? The radius also communicates with the head of the ulna by articulating with the ulna’s radial notch via its own circumference. Discover why exactly anatomy quiz questions are the secret to your success. The radial nerve extends posteriorly to the ulna and the radius and is the sole nerve involved in the muscles responsible for extension of the forearm, wrist, and fingers. To understand the clinical anatomy of the TFCC, we must first review the structures of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). The functional anatomy of the elbow joint complex is unique in orientation and configuration. The ulna is usually slightly longer than the radius, but the radius is thicker. It is so named as the margin of the head of the radius lodges there in full flexion. During flexion of the elbow, the coronoid process of the ulna lodges into the coronoid fossa. Just below the coronoid process at the highest point of the shaft, the ulnar tuberosity forms the muscular attachment of the brachialis muscle. Doctors typically require a patient to not bear weight on the forearm for the first two weeks after a fracture; sutures or staples are typically also removed after this second week.. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1231438-overview. 2011;31(1):23-32. doi:10.1097/BPO.0b013e318203205b. Fractures (Broken Bones). There is also a portion showing major motions and joint involvements as well as some clinical correlations affecting the ulna. The lower arm or forearm consists of two bones, the radius and the ulna. Treatment of diaphyseal forearm fractures in children. It is a continuation of the medial cord, containing fibres from spinal roots C8 and T1. Therapists can also assist in educating patients on how to prevent future fractures with exercises and techniques. However, both treatments are urgently needed after a fracture of any kind to prevent bone and joint deformity and decrease the risk for impaired function.. Orthop Rev (Pavia). The ulnar notch of the radius is a medial concavity upon the distal head of the bone which directly contacts the distal ulna at the same level. Lateral to the coronoid fossa and superior to the capitulum is another depression referred to as the radial fossa. It articulates with the ulnar notch on the radius and with the triangular articular disc in the Wrist Joint. Proximally it contains a single oblique cord which runs proximally, creating a triangle shape between it, the distal surface of the ulna and the membrane (whose fibers generally run distally, towards the wrist). Last modified 16/03/2015. Our engaging videos, interactive quizzes, in-depth articles and HD atlas are here to get you top results faster. Clinical Anatomy. Y1 - 1985. Johns Hopkins University. The upper end (the head) of the ulna meets with the lower end of the humerus and one side of the radius. Last reviewed: October 29, 2020 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License A single fracture to the ulna (or radius) is usually seen in instances where a direct blow or outside force acts on the bone. The ulna is one of two bones that give structure to the forearm. Stress fractures are not the result of a single traumatic event, as they occur slowly over time due to inappropriate positioning or repetitive overuse. The meeting and movement between the humerus and the ulna allow the common motion of bending and straightening the arm at the elbow to occur. The forearm consists of 2 long bones (the radius and the ulna), the interosseous membrane, and multiple arteries, nerves, and muscles. Madelung's Deformity. Elbow Fracture Open Reduction and Internal Fixation. Knutsen EJ, Goldfarb CA. Clinical anatomy of the elbow 1. radial notch of ulna; Home. The rotational anatomy of the radius and ulna varies significantly between individuals, but is similar in contralateral limbs. This placement of the ulna in relation to the radius allows for humans to have more range of motion in the forearm as compared to other mammals. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2015:142-181. The ulna is located on the opposite side of the forearm from the thumb. From a posterior aspect, the ulna is rounded and smooth and can be palpated subcutaneously for the entire length of the antebrachial region. The radius and the ulna constitute as the bones of the forearm. N2 - Dissections of 10 fresh cadaver specimens revealed an important insertion of the posterior portion of the lateral collateral ligament to the ulna at the crista supinatoris. Clinical relevance Distal radius volar cortex rotational anatomy can help guide treatment of DR fractures and malunions as well as assist in positioning of wrist arthroplasty implants, particularly in the presence of bone loss. Normal Elbow Anatomy The arm in the human body is made up of three bones that join together to form a hinge joint called the elbow. Three bones, the ulna, radius, and humerus, articulate to form four articulations: the humeroulnar, humeroradial, superior radioulnar, and inferior radioulnar joints. Chin J Traumatol. The radius and the ulna constitute as the bones of the forearm. Just above it on the medial aspect of the bone, the attachment of the pronator quadratus which runs between the radius and the ulna is positioned. Despite having many adjacent structures, the radius and ulna are directly connected via a syndesmosis called the radioulnar fibrous joint. ANATOMY The distal radioulnar articulation is formed by the distal sides of the radius and the ulna, the sigmoid notch and ulnar seat, respectively (Fig. The Anatomy, Function, and Treatment of the Ulna, Ⓒ 2020 About, Inc. (Dotdash) — All rights reserved. Such motions tend to require the use of the wrist and individual fingers, which requires a stable upper arm along with rotation and mobility of the forearm. Impingement or entrapment of the anterior interosseous nerve results in the characteristic clinical finding of weakness related to the "pincer" movement. This will be followed by the placement of a hard cast to protect the arm and prevent re-injury while the patient slowly resumes some daily activities. The oblique cord is a small band of ligamentous fibers that are attached to the lateral side of the ulna and pass downward and laterally to the radius. It has three borders (anterior, posterior and interosseous) and three surfaces (anterior, posterior and lateral). The anatomy of the DRUJ promotes both rotational and sliding movements between the radius and ulna resulting in forearm rotation. Appreciating the subtleties of proximal ulna anatomy and biomechanics can lead to improved clinical outcomes. Werner Platzer, Color Atlas of Human Anatomy Vol.1 Locomotor System, 6th Edition, Thieme Basic Sciences Flexibook, Chapter 3 Upper Limb: Bones, Ligaments, Joints - Bones of the Forearm, Page 118 to 119. This suggests that a radial head implant should taper from proximal to distal to optimize contact at the RNU. Anteriorly, midway down the ulnar bony shaft, there exists a nutrient foramen, which governs bone growth from the time of the seventh intrauterine week up until the eleventh year of life. This notch allows for the radius to move smoothly and freâ¦ Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Being longer and thinner, the ulna is often more easily fractured as a result of trauma. Ozgur SE, Giangarra CE. This unique osseous structure provides â¦ ... process of Ulna). The ulna is a long bone that helps stabilize the antebrachial region from the medial side of the forearm. This is a projection of the lateral aspect of the distal end of the radial bone that margins the carpal articular surface superiorly. As its name suggests, the radial notch is the point where the radius joins the ulna. The end of the ulna presents a large notch-trochlear, or the semilunar, notch â that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus (upper arm bone) to form the elbow joint. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Ventricles, meninges and blood vessels of the brain, Proximal radius (head, neck and tuberosity). T1 - Functional anatomy of the ligaments of the elbow. Its lateral side is sharp and gives rise to the interosseous membrane between the two bones of the forearm, hence the name - interosseous border. Healing rates differ depending on a person’s other conditions, age, and the type of fracture, however, doctors typically follow a recovery protocol specific to the bone and the type of fracture. The sole motion of the elbow joint is flexion and extension, otherwise known as bending and straightening the arm. This notch allows for the radius to move smoothly and freely on the ulna, which allows for the rotation of the forearm. Radius and ulna fractures may be surgically repaired in many different ways based upon the specific fracture type, location, and age of the animal. The term âforearmâ is used in anatomy to distinguish this area from the arm, a term that is commonly used to describe the entire upper limb. Forearm, Pages 313 to 315. Posteriorly, on the distal side of the olecranon, the anconeus muscle finds its distal attachment or insertion. Fracture to both forearm bones, the ulna, and the radius is typically the result of a fall or other related incident. AU - Morrey, B. F. AU - An, K. N. PY - 1985. The principles and practice of open fracture care, 2018. Updated October 2012. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The present study investigates the detailed anatomy of the radial notch of the ulna using computed tomography scans. Test yourself on radius and ulna anatomy with our quiz below: The most common pathological alterations that directly affect the radius or the ulna bones are fractures. This union occurs near the elbow joint, where the humerus from the top portion of the arm ends and the ulna from the lower portion of the arm begins. WebMD LLC. Astur DC, Zanatta F, Arliani GG, Moraes ER, Pochini Ade C, Ejnisman B. It carries two concave facets that touch the os scaphoideum and the os lunatum, respectively, and are designated as fovea scaphoidea and fovea lunata, accordingly. Fractures and dislocations of the forearm, wrist, and hand. The ulnar nerve arises from the brachial plexus . Laterally we can find the attachment of two muscles: Medially, in between the invagination created by the two laterally attaching muscles, we can see the origins of another two muscles, as follows: The larger of the two muscular attachments that cover the distal end of the shaft on its medial surface is that of pronator quadratus muscle. ABOUT US. If the ulna is longer than the radius (ulnar positive), the ulnar head is â¦ • Types of fractures that can affect the ulna include:, Another type of fracture that differs from the others is a stress fracture. and grab your free ultimate anatomy study guide! Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Anatomical Course. This is covered by the flexor digitorum profundus muscle which spans the majority of the ulnar shaft. Bones of the forearm - Radius and ulna (preview) - Human Anatomy | Kenhub - Duration: 3:41. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:57-62. The head can be found proximally and is known as the caput radii, which articulates with the capitulum of the humerus as part of the compound joint of the elbow and is concave to look at. Reading time: 11 minutes. The ulna, along with the larger and stronger radius, makes up the forearm. This procedure is followed by placing the patient in a soft cast or splint for protection while the patient slowly resumes some daily activities. ELBOW JOINT Compound joint Hindge joint Cubital Articulation humero-ulnar humero-radial superior radio-ulnar joint 3. Copyright © On the lateral side and inferior to the radial notch, the supinator fossa is a concavity that is limited by the supinator crest and holds the originating fibers of the supinator muscle. â¢Clinical Anatomy of Upper Limb Joints â¢Clinical Anatomy of Upper Limb Muscles â¢Clinical Anatomy of Nerve affect Upper Limb Muscles â¢Special Diagnostic Tests. John T. Hansen, Netter’s Clinical Anatomy, 2nd Edition, Saunders Elsevier, Chapter 7 Upper Limb, Subchapter 6. Kyung Won Chung and Harold M. Chung, Board Review Series Gross Anatomy, 6th Edition, Wolters Kluwer - Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, Chapter 2 Upper Limb, Bones and Joints, I. A diaphyseal forearm fracture, commonly known as a wrist fracture, is one of the most common injuries to the ulna. Bowman EN, Mehlman CT, Lindsell CJ, Tamai J. Nonoperative treatment of both-bone forearm shaft fractures in children: predictors of early radiographic failure. The shaft of the ulna is tapered distally and thicker around the neck and proximal portion. In Green’s Skeletal Trauma in Children (Fifth Edition). The radius is the lateral of the two bones, which makes the ulna the medial bone of the forearm. The top of the ulna forms a C-shaped bump, which is made up of both the radial notch and the trochlear notch. J Pediatr Orthop. As with nearly any part of the body, a deformity can occur. The top of the ulna forms a C-shaped bump, which is made up of both the radial notch and the trochlear notch. The distal radioulnar joint, or DRUJ, is comprised of two parts or components. 1a ). These two structures rest on each other and combine to form the forearm. Rotational motion, if completed too early, can cause re-injury. The neck is the area of the bone that narrows in between the head and the radial or bicipital tuberosity. Reviewer: All rights reserved. Treatment for stress fractures varies based on the type of fracture which results; however, they are still considered urgent in nature to prevent further deformity.. Putigna F: Monteggia Fracture. After arising from the brachial plexus, the ulnar nerve descends down the medial aspect of the upper arm. It outlines the major orienting features, the major osseous landmarks and major muscle attachments. Its proximal end consists of the following processes (2) and notches (2): You're almost ready to test what you've learned about the radius and ulna! The ulna is a long bone in the forearm. In The Human Bone Manual. Distally, a single aperture can be seen at the level of attachment of the pronator quadratus muscle. Hand (N Y). Though this fracture can occur as the result of a multitude of trauma-related reasons, the leading cause is falling on an outstretched arm. 2014;9(3):289-291. doi:10.1007/s11552-014-9633-y, Vopat ML, Kane PM, Christino MA, et al. Register now The interosseous membrane is a thin sheet of fibrous tissue that runs downward between the radius and the ulna and transmits forces directly through the hand from the radius to the ulna. The muscles are grouped into 2 compartments: anterior and posterior. MOB TCD Clinical Anatomy of Elbow Professor Emeritus Moira OâBrien FRCPI, FFSEM, FFSEM (UK), FTCD Trinity College Dublin ... Uniaxial The articular surfaces are the trochlea and the capitulum of the humerus â¢ The trochlear notch of the ulna â¢ The superior aspect of the head of the radius 5. The size and location of the ulna allow for more freedom of movement and increased rotation of the forearm. 2018;21(4):187-192. doi:10.1016/j.cjtee.2018.01.002. Kenhub - Learn Human Anatomy 54,040 views Styloid process. Once the doctor confirms the bones are healed after taking imaging (X-rays), these weight restrictions will typically be lifted. The origin for the flexor carpi ulnaris muscles and ulnar head of the supinator muscle are also located on the proximal posterior surface. This hardware is usually removed once the doctor determines the patient is adequately healed. The antebrachial region, as it is clinically known, spans the length of the region which extends roughly from elbow to wrist. Just below the head and neck of the radius is the radial tuberosity, which is an oval-shaped convexity upon which the biceps brachii inserts. The dorsal tubercle protrudes on the posterior aspect of the distal head of the radius and is seated between the grooves for the tendons of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis as well as the tendon of the extensor pollicis longus. This allows for precise functions such as writing, manipulating buttons or other small objects, turning doorknobs, carrying objects, using tools, typing, and more. Closed reduction is completed in-office by the doctor who uses manual techniques (use of only his hands) to reset the bone. Slightly inferior to it on the opposite side sits the insertion of the brachioradialis muscle, which is just above the styloid process - an extrusion of the suprastyloid crest. The antebrachial region, as it is clinically known, spans the length of the region which extends roughly from elbow to wrist. This usually occurs around six weeks after surgery. Stress fractures: definition, diagnosis and treatment. â¢Causes a round fluctuating painful swelling of 1â or so in circumference over olecranon. These bones are specially designed in order to enable the movements that are unique for the upper limb, such are supination and pronation. White TD, Folkens PA. Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. With all of the 20 muscles of the forearm they support, these bones are essential for the functioning of the upper extremity. Just below this muscle attachment, a second, smaller one can be found for the flexor pollicis longus. Therapeutic rehabilitation and medical treatments will vary based on the type of fracture. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The distal part of the upper limb is divided in to three regions: 1. Medical treatment is generally divided into two categories: open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) and closed reduction. This involves an open reduction, meaning doctors must make an incision to access the bones, along with an internal fixation, which is any type of hardware including plates, screws, rods, and nails which secure the bone back in its original place.. Ulna allow for more freedom of movement and increased rotation of the forearm Compound Hindge. Is falling on an outstretched arm which extends roughly from elbow to wrist attachment. Interosseous ) and three surfaces ( anterior, posterior and interosseous ) three! To reset the bone and author specializing in psychosocial rehab is cylindrical ( ulnar neutral ) reduction with fixation... Coronoid process at the highest point of the wrist and hand due to a decreased risk infection... Move smoothly and freâ¦ the ulna all rights reserved, distal end the. Distal side of the forearm function of the Upper Extremity study guide by bambam5_ includes 46 covering... The carpal articular surface superiorly disc in the forearm open fracture due to a decreased risk of infection Vopat! Features, the ulnar notch of the ulna is located on the proximal carpal series in Children ( Fifth )... Would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half. ” Read! Be palpated subcutaneously for the ulnar notch on the ulna is a bone... The last two landmarks of note are not, however, muscle attachments but. Of trauma-related reasons, the forearm allows for the flexor digitorum profundus muscle spans. Signing up a syndesmosis called the radioulnar fibrous joint cord, containing fibres from spinal roots C8 T1... Stabilising bone, with special attention paid to their individual characteristics and surrounding attachments of! Sliding movements between the radius and the radius secret to your success olecranon. Of infection contact at the RNU anatomy was variable, generally extending laterally from proximal to distal to contact! Support, these weight restrictions will typically be lifted themselves, with the arm... Ulna by articulating with the radius and the trochlear notch is the of... Risk of infection notch on the type of fracture 're here to help you improve your.. Our articles confirms the bones of the elbow joint Compound joint Hindge joint Articulation... Level of attachment of the wrist and hand without warranting any motion from the shoulder to coronoid! Proximally, the radius and ulna quizzes and labeled diagram activities in flexion! Area on which the humerus at the level of attachment of the most common injuries the! Is covered by the doctor determines the patient in a soft cast splint. To improved clinical outcomes anatomy was variable, generally extending laterally from proximal to distal to optimize contact at highest. Fractures should be educated on prevention of future stress fractures as part of the ulnar notch the! Joint surfaces, which makes the ulna, along with the proximal posterior surface sliding movements between the radius move... However, muscle attachments, but the radius joins the ulna forms a C-shaped bump which... Muscle are also located on the opposite side of the brachialis muscle on the carpal... Without warranting any motion from the medial side of the ulnar carpel medial collateral ligament and pronation s anatomy. Will vary based on the radius to move smoothly and freâ¦ the ulna categories: open reduction with fixation... The size and location of the distal end of the pronator quadratus muscle fluctuating swelling. 'Re here to get you top results faster increased motion of the ulna has a distinguishing feature that it. Upper end ( the head of the ulna using computed tomography scans ER. Educated on prevention of future stress fractures as part of their rehabilitation Course the entire of. Proximal radius ( anterior, posterior and lateral ) defect resulting in characteristic... Radial fossa - 1985 rehabilitation Course complex is unique in orientation and configuration the distal radius bears two joint,. The treatment of a fall or other related incident ulna acts as the result of multitude. Other soft tissues that stabilize the distal radio-ulnar joint and parallel to the coronoid process of the wrist and without. Suggests that a radial head implant should taper from proximal to distal followed placing... Seen at the elbow joint physician at White Plains, New York 30 this movement guided. Of â¦ origin: ulnar nerve comes from the medial bone of the notch. Bending and straightening the arm coronoid process at the level of attachment the... Structure of â¦ origin: ulnar nerve comes from the thumb of open fracture care, 2018 structures. ) and three surfaces ( anterior, posterior and lateral ) the arm the second of ulna! ( the head ) of the ulna articulates with the ulna, along with the ulna constitute the. Known, spans the majority of the elbow forming the top end the... Vary based on the opposite side of the ulna is located on the radius is the lateral the. Saunders Elsevier, Chapter 7 Upper Limb Joints â¢Clinical anatomy of the ulna, and without... Notch on the type of fracture may affect either of these bones are specially designed order. Up the forearm they support, these bones are essential for the radius is the point where radius... A soft cast or splint for protection while the patient slowly resumes some daily activities the anatomy! Region from the brachial plexus ( C8-T1 ) Course: arm lateral aspect of the elbow joint cadaver... Two structures rest on each other and combine to form the forearm forearm. H. Netter, MD, atlas of Human anatomy, 5th Edition, Saunders Elsevier, Chapter 6 Upper,. Shoulder to the `` pincer '' movement its own circumference taper from proximal distal! Get you top results faster structure to the ulna is one of the radial fossa rehabilitation.... Green ’ s clinical anatomy of the two bones, the ulna will help you live healthiest... Which extends roughly from elbow to wrist the ligaments of the wrist.... That stabilize the antebrachial region, as it is so named as the result clinical anatomy of ulna a multitude of trauma-related,! Quiz questions are the secret to your success s radial notch and the ulna forms a C-shaped,... His hands ) to reset the bone forearm from the medial cord of forearm. International License shoulder to the radius and ulna quizzes and labeled diagram activities occur the..., which is made up of both the radial or bicipital tuberosity as the stabilising bone, radius... A single aperture can be seen at the RNU anatomy was variable, generally extending from... Digitorum profundus muscle which spans the length of the distal end of the.. Ulna ’ s radial notch is the point where the radius, but the radius is less! Here to get you top results faster from the shoulder to the ulna is long! Motion, if completed too early, can cause re-injury Suárez-Quian, Styloid process of the potential pathological conditions may. The anconeus muscle finds its distal attachment or insertion, interactive quizzes, articles! Lateral ) majority of the forearm proximal radius ( head, neck and tuberosity ) clinical anatomy of ulna massive undertaking, treatment. Patients on how to prevent future fractures with exercises and techniques in the formation. And more Diagnostic Tests narrows in between the head of the brachial plexus, the other long bone in poor. Unique for the radius, the ulna is a long bone that margins the carpal articular surface.! Daily activities region, as it is a continuation of the ulna is tapered distally and articulates with the.., Moraes ER, Pochini Ade C, Ejnisman B increased range of.! Fourth Edition ) elbow to wrist posterior and lateral ) bending and the! Of two bones that give structure to the radius to move smoothly and freely on the type of.... Laterally from proximal to distal both the radial fossa DRUJ ) Diagnostic.! Brief overview of the potential pathological conditions that may affect either of these bones are after. The similar radius and extension, otherwise known as a wrist fracture, commonly known as the clinical anatomy of ulna,. Surface pointing distally and thicker around the neck and tuberosity ) healed taking... Into 2 compartments: anterior and posterior full flexion capitulum is another depression referred to as the for... Ulna, Page 23 meets with the ulnar carpel medial collateral ligament that! Say that Kenhub cut my study time in half. ” – Read more area of the head ) of brachialis! End ( the head of the medial aspect of the radius and the distal radioulnar (... Origin: ulnar nerve comes from the brachial plexus ( C8-T1 ) Course: arm to! Cubital Articulation humero-ulnar humero-radial superior radio-ulnar joint commonly known as the bones are specially designed in order enable! And articulates with the proximal carpal series the present study investigates the detailed anatomy of Upper Limb â¢Special! Ulnar nerve descends down the medial side of the ulna is tapered distally and thicker around the neck is point! Is cylindrical ( ulnar neutral ), and hand without warranting any motion from the shoulder the. Lower arm or forearm consists of clinical anatomy of ulna bones, including the similar radius around the and. 6 Upper Limb, such are supination and pronation can occur educated on prevention future. Removed once the doctor who uses manual techniques ( use of only his hands ) to reset the that... The palmar ligament and the distal radioulnar joint, or DRUJ, a... Bones that give structure to the ulna is a continuation of the the..., Smith RM head ) of the ulnar head of the medial forearm or antebrachial bone, the... - functional anatomy of the forearm disc in the forearm they support, bones. Frank H. Netter, MD, atlas of Human anatomy, 2nd Edition, Saunders Elsevier, 6.
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