ALL FREE. Throughout the 1980s, several employees from the renowned McMartin Preschool in Manhattan Beach, California, were investigated after claims of child sex abuse were reported to the local police department. Quotes displayed in real-time or delayed by at least 15 minutes. Ray Buckey in court. I remember feeling like they didnt pick just anybody--they picked me because I had a good memory of what they wanted, and they could rely on me to do a good job. ", He clarified in his new interview that he was referring to the leak overall. News of Tom Brady's retirement broke yesterday, with NFL insider Adam Schefter reporting that the longtime quarterback was hanging up the cleats following the recent . The doctor 'found something consistent with molestation' and Johnson immediately alerted police. Less than 24 hours later, the 22-year NFL QB broke his social media silence on Sunday morning. (Mike Marsland/WireImage). We were examined by a doctor. All rights reserved. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does not alter, edit or update them. It was the first photo the budding actress had posted on her page since 2020. He says he saw Buckey's mother Peggy, the other defendant . I remember breaking down and crying. She had been living alone and, the police said, neighbors became concerned when days passed without their seeing her. "It wasn't a sex tape [that Kanye retrieved] it was a lot of pictures, a lot of little mini videos and a lot of proof we've been talking over the years [since our split]," the Scoot-E-Bike entrepreneur said. RADAR and RADARONLINE are registered trademarks. But Sapp, now known as Kyle Zirpolo, says he never had false memories: He always knew his stories of abuse were made up. CELEBRITY NEWS. Occasionally the digitization process introduces transcription errors or other problems; we are continuing to work to improve these archived versions. With James Woods, Mercedes Ruehl, Lolita Davidovich, Sada Thompson. The Sexy Can I performer later claimed that the narrative was false in a comment on social media, writing, "All of this is a lie SMH. But she lost everything. Ultimately, after ballooning to 208 counts involving 41 children, the case was whittled down to 65 counts of molestation and conspiracy against Buckey and her son. The defendants were set free and that was it. Shes always asking me why I never do. The comments below have not been moderated. "That's how it all came about. I lied,' he said. Seven adultsthe McMartin Preschool owners, four teachers, and Raymond Buckeywere charged with more than 200 counts of child abuse involving forty or more children. Market data provided by Factset. Even to this day, talking about it or seeing pictures or artwork that I did at McMartin never brings any bad feelings. Carruth's son, Chancellor Lee Adams, is 18 years old now. Interviewer 1: Did any other teachers play, Pac-Man? In Manhattan Beach during the 1980s, The McMartin Preschool, which had been founded by matriarch Virginia Martin, was one of the most sought after schools in the district. MacFarlane's practices have since been deemed highly-suggestive, where children were invited to pretend or speculate about supposed events. She's always had all the tapes in a Nike shoe box under her bed," he claimed. Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Service, Privacy Policy and Cookies Policy. Ray was a 1971 graduate of Cambridge High School and attended M.A.T.C. Panic-stricken parents vented to authorities. I know the types of language they used on me: things like I was smart, or I could help the other kids who were scared. The charges against all but Ray Buckey and Peggy McMartin Buckey were subsequently dropped. You've successfully subscribed to this newsletter! Charges against those five, including Mrs. Buckey's mother, Virginia McMartin, and daughter, Peggy Ann Buckey, were dropped in January by prosecutors for lack of evidence. The actor, best known for his roles in Goodfellas and Field of Dreams, died in his sleep on May 26 in the Dominican Republic, PEOPLE confirmed . He was the grandson of Virginia McMartin, 76, who had founded the school in 1966. She had been identified in court as Judy J. and was expected to testify in the pretrial hearing. In loving memory of Raymond "Ray" Buckley who sadly passed away on 24th November 2020. I dont remember how many days or if it was just one day, but my memory tells me it was weeks, it seemed so long. (Peter Kramer/NBCU Photo Bank/NBCUniversal via Getty Images via Getty Images), Late last month, Ray Liottasfianc, Jacy Nittolo shared aseries of images of the two of them on Instagram, writing, "My life these past couple of years have been nothing but truly magical. Her former husband has also been called to testify. But his freedom was met with a letter from Johnson, addressed to the district attorney, claiming her son had taken part in satanic ritual practices at the school. Giving children dolls and puppets during a forensic interview encourages them to pretend and fantasize instead of sticking to facts, Wood says. I said a lot of things that didn't happen. But then someone said, Well, they could have changed it. It was like anything and everything I said would be believed. Now Bob's trying to say that all his kids were molested by Ray.So Bob would come over. 22:20, 1 MAR 2023. An alcoholic and schizophrenic, she was found dead in her apartment on December 19, 1986 from a 'metamorphosis of the liver'. After a 20-month preliminary hearing, charges were dropped against Virginia, Peggy Ann, Jackson, Spitler, and Raidor, with prosecutors determining there was insufficient evidence to take the case to trial. Kyle was not among them. Karsen Liotta and Ray Liotta on "Shades of Blue" in 2018. But being only 9 years old at the time, I thought my dad was saying he would kill the McMartins. He was born August 9, 1953 in Cambridge, son of Cliffo After the trial, Buckey attended law school, reported The Los Angeles Times. The McMartin preschool trial was a day care sexual abuse case in the 1980s, prosecuted by the Los Angeles District Attorney Ira Reiner. COVID origins? Like which ones do you remember? Ray J admitted he joked about going public with their sex tape, but Kardashian and Jenner allegedly took the reins from that point and orchestrated its release. The discovery of the body came as many of the participants in the McMartin case were in a courtroom 22 miles away in Los Angeles, listening to Raymond Buckey, the chief defendant, plead for release from jail. ET. Fox News' Janelle Ash contributed to this report. Ray was retried on molestation charges, but again, the jury deadlocked, and a mistrial was declared, according to The New York Times. The 41-year-old singer-and-actor and his ex-girlfriend Kim, dated from 2003 to 2006, and in 2007, a year after their split, a sex tape was unveiled by Vivid Entertainment. I always remember wanting him to love me. Its like skeletons in a closet that you just dont want to take back out. After reviewing the movie "Indictment" my heart goes out to all the families and children involved in such a horrendous injustice. Rumors of secret tunnels beneath the school; secret field trips away; orgies at carwashes and carparks; and the existence of secret abuse rooms continued to persist (pictured:a pentagram found at the McMartin PreSchool on the 900 block of Manhattan Beach Boulevard), Private investigator Ted Gunderson shows hole dug by parents who are searching for an alleged secret room used for molestation at the McMartin. Some said the children appeared to have been led by questioners to claim they had been molested. Powered and implemented by FactSet Digital Solutions. Chris Pleasance explains how Do not sell or share my personal information. for two years. I cant say that--I can only speak for myself. Buckey's freedom may be as close as the next turn of the cards. Sign up forOxygen Insiderfor all the best true crime content. Ultimately, fewer than a dozen children testified at the trials of Ray Buckey and his mother. Do you remember that, Pac-Man? Offers may be subject to change without notice. She said she took her son to a pediatrician through fears he had been sexually abused. We laughed daily and we were inseparable. That led to the new hearing. It was later revealed that she had claimed that her dog had been sodomized by the McMartin family and that her estranged husband had also raped one of their children. For his last 10 difficult days, we surrounded him with love, music & precious memories. The 48-year-old, who is married to Strictly Come . Ray J said he had only been holding on to photos and texts Kardashian sent him between 2002 and 2009, also shutting down claims that Kanye West retrieved a second sex tape from him late last year. You may occasionally receive promotional content from the Los Angeles Times. McMartin was the first case of its type. Buckey, who was 74, was pronounced dead Friday at Little Company of Mary Hospital in Torrance after paramedics found her unconscious in the nearby home where she had lived before and after the three-year trial. I feel very ashamed.. The 41-year-old singer-and-actor and his ex-girlfriend Kim, also 41, dated from 2003 to 2006, and in 2007, a year after their split, a sex tape was unveiled by Vivid Entertainment. As a collective, the cohort were first charged with 115 counts of molestation, which rose to 321 charges soon after, involving 48 different children. He also had painful bowel movements, she claimed. By the time the trials came to an end in 1990--with acquittals and hung juries--"McMartin" was a household word. A few years ago, Wood did an experiment in which children were questioned using McMartin interviewing techniques. ', Manhattan BeachPD sent a letter to around 200 parents of students at McMartin, stating that they were investigating claims of sexual abuse and asked parents to question their children. Karsen Liotta and Ray Liotta on "Shades of Blue" in 2018. One prosecutor branded the purported evidence 'incredibly weak'. The ensuing trial of McMartin owner Peggy McMartin Buckey and her son, Ray Buckey, would last for nearly three years. It was revealed that Freeman had perjured himself . 'Never did anyone do anything to me, and I never saw them doing anything. "If you send me an email in 2008, the computer does not change the date on it.". The McMartin preschool was closed and the building was dismantled in 1990; several of the accused have since died. Saying that a defendant such as Ray Buckey is being followed by undercover police implies that the accused is dangerous and that the children should help lock him up. Maybe some kids made up stories about things that didnt really happen, and eventually started believing they were telling the truth. A stunning accusation made by mother-of-two Judy Johnson (above) claimed that one of the school's teachers, Ray Buckley, had sodomized her two-year-old son. 2023 FOX News Network, LLC. So I knew I would have to say those exact things again and not have anything be different, otherwise they would know I was lying. Crime News is your destination for true crime stories from around the world, breaking crime news, and information about Oxygen's original true crime shows and documentaries. said Danny Davis, who represented Ray Buckey, who was tried with his mother, Peggy. I would love to look at the defendants from the McMartin Pre-School and tell them, Im sorry.. "I've never leaked anything. Also, there were so many kids saying all these things happened that you didnt want to be the one who said nothing did. The kids parents never asked, Why were they innocent? Ray Liotta and Karsen Liotta attend the "Marriage Story" U.K. premiere during the 63rd BFI London Film Festival on Oct. 6, 2019, in London. Buckey appeared cheerful and friendly during the trial, and passed the long hours crocheting, drawing pictures and reading religious literature. Raymond Olon "Ray" Buckey, 68, of Senecaville, passed away Thursday (July 14, 2022) in Daytona Beach, Florida, while vacationing with his family. However, 65 counts of molestation remained against Buckey and Peggy McMartin, In the letter's wake, outrage swept through the local community and spilled out across the rest of the country. Town Hall meetings were held. When it was over, Peggy McMartin Buckey spoke bitterly of the price she had paid in the longest and costliest trial in American history--one which, from a legal standpoint, she had won. However, the McMartin's reverie came to a shattering halt in the summer of 1983, when mother-of-two Judy Johnson claimed that her two-year-old son had been sodomized by teacher Ray Buckey at the school. The two-hour special will air on Saturday July 27, at 7pm ET/PT. Maybe some things did happen. Couple find note in chimney that reveals their 290,000 house was 100 times cheaper 50 years ago. I remember telling people [that the McMartin teachers] took us to Harrys Meat Market, and describing what I thought the market was like. Indictment: The McMartin Trial: Directed by Mick Jackson. The woman, Judy Johnson, 42 years old, whose mental stability has been the focus of a pretrial hearing going on in Superior Court here, was found dead Friday afternoon in her home in the affluent, seaside community of Manhattan Beach. We went to American Martyrs, which was a huge Catholic church. I have never leaked a sex tape in my life," he said of their explicit film made during his ex's 21st birthday celebrations in Cabo. I also discuss the McMartin case. But my parents said, Youre doing fine. Ray Liotta's fiance Jacy Nittolo shares touching words about the Goodfellas star after his surprise passing. Im not saying nothing happened to anyone else at the McMartin Pre-School. Ray Liottas daughter Karsen spoke out about his death for the first time on Thursday. But in the years after the trial, as highlighted in Oxygen's new documentary, it's the interviewing techniques employed by Children's Institute International and Kee MacFarlane that often draw the most controversy, with many believing the testimonies of the supposed victims were actually coerced. Vernon Kay has broken his silence as the presenter was announced as Ken Bruce's replacement on BBC Radio 2. Former Prosecutor's Role. The scandal eventually resulted in criminal trials against Ray and his mother. Two days after Ray's rep confirmed his passing . "I mean all of this is all a lie. I just thought of it and told [the investigators]. Motivated to break his silence. (Vince Bucci/Getty Images), She added, "He was the most beautiful person inside and out that Ive ever known and even that is an understatement. Important. Kyle: Mr. Ray [Ray Buckey] didnt work there when I was in there. I imagined someone would say, They dont have that kind of freezer there. And they did say that. 2023 FOX News Network, LLC. He is survived by his fiance Jacy Nittolo, as well as Karsen, who he shares with ex-wife Michelle Grace. Now married and with young children of his own, he feels the need to explain publicly.--D.N. British Summer Time begins in March but do you wind your watch forward Sickening CCTV footage shows the moment two trains collided and burst into flames in horror smash Greek PM MPs demands the menopause is made a 'protected characteristic' like race or religion - but Equalities Commando, 28, 'told woman he met on dating app "I love it when you keep telling me to stop" as he raped and Charles evicting Harry and Meghan is the act of a King putting his country first: REBECCA ENGLISH reveals A royal princess at Eton? EXCLUSIVE: Father of Robert Irwin's new girlfriend Rorie Buckey breaks his silence on his teenage daughter's relationship with the wildlife warrior and reveals what he really thinks about the romance. I remember them almost giggling and laughing, saying, Oh, we know these things happened to you. But the judge also observed Friday in court that new information was developing daily, saying, ''Mr. Or if it wasnt a story Id heard, I would think of something in my head. Images. Zirpolo found my website and wrote that he was chilled by the films depiction of the Friedman family being destroyed by childrens false accusations: It was basically the same as the McMartins. Maybe some got scared that the teachers would get their families because they were lying. I did something dishonest, then at some point I was able to be honest about it. I want my children to be able to come to me like I wish I could have with my parents. Dont worry. And everyone was saying how proud they were of me, not to worry. When it was all over, the government had spent seven years and $15 million dollars investigating and prosecuting a case that led to no convictions. Meanwhile, Buckey was cleared of 52 of 65 counts and was finally released on bail after more than five years in prison. Im the only one who ever brings the topic up and who admits nothing ever happened to me. . It could be a reason I never mixed up reality and fantasy and always knew I was lying. Get up to speed with our Essential California newsletter, sent six days a week. ", RAY LIOTTA REMEMBERED BY HIS GOODFELLAS CO-STARS AND HOLLYWOOD PEERS: GOD IS A GOODFELLA, Ray Liotta and daughter Karsen attend the Lakers' game against the Phoenix Suns on April 6, 2003, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles. . Nathan Buckey, who runs a flooring business and is married to Heath Ledger's sister Kate, confirmed his teenage daughter Rorie, 18, was in a relationship with Steve . Ray J also leaked alleged Instagram direct messages between himself and the Skims founder regarding their sex tape to defend his name amid her new Hulu show. The R&B singer responds to Rihanna's interview about his violent outburst. (Chad Buchanan/Getty Images), Her post continued, "The chemistry was wild in the best way. All rights reserved. Ray Liotta's daughter Karsen spoke out about his death for the first time on Thursday. Check out never-before-seen content, free digital evidence kits, and much more! It all began in 1983. They wanted us to take off their clothes. McMartin is something negative in my life and Im trying to make it a positive. He had regretted it for years. And we know that he was there when Kyle was there too. My stepbrothers and stepsisters and a half-brother and half-sister went to McMartin. Kim took legal action against the company and settled . I had never been in there before, and I was fairly certain I was going to get in trouble for what I was saying because it probably was not accurate. When an interviewer refuses to take no for an answer, this implies that another response is required--even if its not true. There was a room with a lot of toys and stuffed animals and dolls. In a live exchange on 2GB on Tuesday . Quotes displayed in real-time or delayed by at least 15 minutes. Peggy McMartin Buckey, Ray Buckey and Virginia McMartin were among six people indicted in 1984 on 115 counts of child molestation. I put a lot of pressure on myself. Lewis O'Brien has not hidden his disappointment after his move from Nottingham Forest to Blackburn Rovers was blocked by an independent arbitrator. dailymail.co.uk - Amy Harris 3h. Written at the height of America's 'Satanic Panic', Johnson's letter went on to claim that her son had been taken to a secret church where 'Ray flew in the air' and 'Peggy drilled a child under the arm'. John Travolta finally speaks out after about two years of scathing sexual assault and gay rumors! This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Amy Denman Assistant Showbiz Editor. https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/21/us/sex-case-accuser-is-discovered-dead.html, Marcia Chambers, Special To the New York Times. The adults at the McMartin Pre-School never did anything to me, and I never saw them doing anything, he says today. Easy to tell shes a girl. It seems really strange, seeing their reaction to the fact that nothing happened to me. Interviewer 1: A long time ago some of the kids said that there were some secrets from that school--some crummy things happened. No corroborating evidence was ever discovered or presented during court proceedings, but according to defense attorney Danny Davis, the public remained convinced of his client Ray Buckeys guilt. Interviewer 1: And, um, lets see. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Caregiver accused in Manhattan Beach child sexual abuse case believed to be in Philippines, Prosecution presents closing arguments in Alex Murdaugh murder trial, Intel agencies say theres no sign adversaries were behind Havana syndrome, Before and after photos from space show storms effect on California reservoirs, Dramatic before and after photos from space show epic snow blanketing SoCal mountains, Yet more rain expected to hit California in March. Prosecutors have maintained that the defense's rights were not violated because they now had the information, before trial, and could question Mrs. Johnson at trial. Accusations, bizarre and some even physically impossible, were made in 1983 . Source: MEGA; Xavier Collin/Image Press Agency / MEGA, Second Sex Tape? Peggy's bail was set at $1 million and Buckey was denied the motion all together. In Manhattan Beach during the 1980s, The McMartin Preschool, which had been founded by matriarch Virginia Martin, was one of the most sought after schools in the district. He contacted me because I appear in the documentary film Capturing the Friedmans, which he had just seen. He was everything in the world to me and we couldnt get enough of each other. Mutual Fund and ETF data provided by Refinitiv Lipper. At the hearing this week, Mr. Buckey's attorney, Danny Davis, said he intended to call Mrs. Johnson to testify about her mental state in 1983. Once I pitched the idea to her, just playing around a little bit, that's when she jumped on the idea, talked to her mom and it was out of my hands from there.". He claimed that the move to release the tape was a pre-planned deal between the couple, Kris Jenner . During a recent episode, Kardashian was in tears after telling her family that West picked up unreleased footage from Ray J. Ultimately, preschool founder Virginia McMartin, her daughter Peggy McMartin Buckey, her grandchildren Peggy Ann Buckey and Raymond Ray Buckey, and employees Mary Ann Jackson, Babette Spitler, and BettyRaidorwere indicted. She died of liver disease in 1986, before the first trial commenced. I felt special. The defense attorneys said that had they known of Mrs. Johnson's mental state, they would have sought to impeach her testimony then. The seven defendants first faced 115 charges, then later 321 charges, according toThe New York Times. Warmer storms could cause problems, Yosemite breaks decades-old snowfall record, closing national park indefinitely, The chance of a lifetime: Five friends ski the tallest mountain in Los Angeles, Shocking, impossible gas bills push restaurants to the brink of closures, 19 cafes that make L.A. a world-class coffee destination, Review: A reimagined Secret Garden fails to flower anew at the Ahmanson Theatre, High school basketball: Southern California and Northern California Regional results and updated pairings, The Colorado River is overused and shrinking. I felt everyone knew I was lying. The body of the woman whose complaint began the McMartin preschool molestation case was found in her home on Friday, and the police today began investigating the circumstances of her death. So in my mind, I figured no one from the school was going to dare mess with him because he would have hurt them first. She also testified that her son had been a troubled young man who was trying to find himself before and during the three years he worked at the preschool, and that he felt more accepted by children than by adults. Check out what clicked this week in entertainment. Heres a little girl. It would be a shame to live the rest of your life thinking molestation had happened when you could think it didnt. I took my clothes off and lay down on the table. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. The dolls were pasty white and had hair where the private parts were. The majority of those children had been interviewed by Children's Institute International, a LA-based abuse therapy clinic run by Kee MacFarlane. Ray buckey mcmartin today. Such instance led to a series of bizarre allegations, where children claimed to have seen witches flying through the air and traveled in a hot air balloon. But were more sensitive now about making sure that the way we interview kids will stand up in court and that what we say will not be taken out of context.. ", Ray Liotta and Karsen Liotta attend the "Marriage Story" U.K. premiere during the 63rd BFI London Film Festival on Oct. 6, 2019, in London. The entire case took seven years to wind through the courts, and involved six judges, 17 attorneys and hundreds of witnesses, including nine of the 11 children alleged to have been molested. I remember them asking extremely uncomfortable questions about whether Ray touched me and about all the teachers and what they did--and I remember telling them nothing happened to me. Kids throw em, beat em up, and everything. He and hundreds of other South Bay children made allegations against the family who ran McMartin and against the employees who worked there. This remains very difficult. Ray shares Karsen, 23, with ex-wife Michelle Grace. Oxygen Insider is your all-access pass to never-before-seen content, free digital evidence kits, and much more. That was never [going to] stop, that was a snowball, that was a witch hunt, Davis told Uncovered: The McMartin Family Trials, streaming now on Oxygen. That made me feel secure. Why were they unable to find evidence to convict these people?. LOS ANGELES (AP) _ Jurors today acquitted the operators of the McMartin Pre-School of 52 counts of child molestation in the nation's longest and costliest criminal trial. With its allegations of animal sacrifice, pornography and satanic-type rituals, it led not a few observers to compare it to the Salem witch trials. We had a highly dysfunctional family. At the time of his death, he was on location filming the movie "Dangerous Waters.". Peggy McMartin Buckey, Ray Buckey and Virginia McMartin were among six people indicted in 1984 on 115 counts of child molestation. ", MARTIN SCORSESE HAS REGRETS OVER NOT WORKING WITH RAY LIOTTA AGAIN AFTER GOODFELLAS, Ray Liotta and daughter Karsen Liotta attend the IRL IndyCar Series 91st running of the Indianapolis 500 on May 27, 2007. The first time I went to CII [Childrens Institute International, now known as Childrens Institute, Inc., a respected century-old L.A. County child welfare organization where approximately 400 former McMartin children were interviewed and given genital exams, and where many were diagnosed as abuse victims], we drove there, our whole family. By 1990, after three years of testimony and nine weeks of jury deliberation, Peggy McMartin was acquitted on all counts. By spring 1984, more than 360 children claimed to have been abused at the school anda moral panic took hold. The prosecutions case relied heavily on testimony from the children and employees at Childrens Institute International, a local non-profit that interviewed the alleged victims. Create your free profile and get access to exclusive content. You shouldve seen [another child] beating em up. The lawyers had all my stories written down and knew exactly what I had said before. Ray Buckey, 25, was the only male teacher there. 'Our investigation indicates that possible criminal acts include: oral sex, fondling of genitals, buttock or chest area, and sodomy, possibly committed under the pretense of "taking the child's temperature. Ray was a 1971 graduate of Cambridge High School and attended M.A.T.C. "', Crucially, the letter mentioned the suspect: 'Also photos may have been taken of children without their clothing. The father of Robert Irwin's new girlfriend Rorie Buckey has given the thumbs up to his daughter's budding romance with the famous wildlife warrior. I remember thinking to myself, Im not going to get out of here unless I tell them what they want to hear.. Nothing ever happened to me at that school.. By 1983, Peggy McMartin Buckey, Virginia's daughter and Ray's . A message from Ray's children: "Our Dad 'Ray Buckley' sadly passed away on 24th November 2020 after a short battle with Covid-19. I looked into it, while coauthoring Satans Silence, a book about the national panic over sex abuse in day-care centers and schools in the 1980s. I remember when all of this was coming down, he was put on a leave of absence from work because he was being investigated for supposedly threatening the McMartin family. My goodness. 'Anytime I would give them an answer that they didn't like, they would ask again and encourage me to give them the answer they were looking for. One boy even pointed to a photograph of action star Chuck Norris and identified him as his abuser. Ray J breaks silence . She persisted: I promise Ill believe you! . I said a lot of things that didnt happen. ABC News' Andrew Dymburt reports. Brutus Buckeye is the athletics mascot of Ohio State University. My mother kept asking me to please tell her what was the matter. Anytime I would give them an answer that they didnt like, they would ask again and encourage me to give them the answer they were looking for. Some like it, NOT! "Those who knew him, loved him," the 23-year-old wrote in an Instagram caption next to a photo of the "Goodfellas" actor holding her as a child. Buckey was re-tried on the remaining 13 counts, but once again the jury remained deadlocked and a mistrial was declared. My mother has always blamed anything negative on the idea that we went to that preschool and were molested.
How To Neutralize Ethyl Alcohol,
Articles R