Those families that have connections with the government are sometimes afforded latitude to deviate from strict rules, or they may receive more lenient consequences for their actions. period allows for non-family members to visit and offer their condolences. There is a huge variation in social codes, behaviours and beliefs between different regions of Iran. The study was based on qualitative research. Nahals silence about her mental illness also relates to a worry that shell be forced to resume antidepressant medication, which she took prior to pregnancy. In recent decades, access to political power has become one of the biggest social advantages and indications of privilege. Their stable meal mainly comprises of larger amount of grains especially rice, fruits and vegetables with small amounts of read meat. Before carrying out the research, the University of Tehrans Ethics Committee reviewed the project to ensure that it complied with the Research Code of Conduct and Ethics. After all the interviews had been transcribed and analyzed, the main citations (participants responses and statements) for each category were translated into English by the researchers. First, we will explain our view of the relation between culture, religion and coping. Food in daily Life: Iranians have a healthy diet centered on fresh fruits, greens and vegetables. The healthcare and medical sector's market value in Iran was almost US$24 billion in 2002 and is forecast to rise to US$96 billion in 2017. Even though Iranians may consider some of these cultural customs ordinary and mundane, they are sure to raise a foreign eyebrow or two. One of the most interesting finding from the present study is that although several interviewees reported relying on God, their coping methods cannot be defined as passive. Table 1 shows the demographic characteristics of the informants. I can talk to Him, even talk to the saints. In an interview with the Trauma and Mental Health Report (translated, Farsi to English), Hamed Rajabi, director of A Minor Leap Down, explains: This social system is only concerned with how people work and perform, and when that performance is lowered, their behavior is instantly condemned.. Furthermore, ethnic minorities tend to have distinctive forms of social organisation that are sometimes more collectivistic. Demonic Reappraisal - which refers to redefining the stressor as an act of the Devil/an evil power is another coping method we found in the present study. External Factors. The study reveals, among others, the impact of cultural beliefs on certain religious coping methods, even among those who are not regarded as practicing Muslims. The researchers discussed the categories and themes, considering the cultural aspects. Reducing health . The study highlights the importance of investigating cultural and social context when exploring the use of the meaning-making coping strategies in different countries. Healthcare in Iran is based on three pillars: the public-governmental system, the private sector, and NGOs. These kinds of coping methods can be viewed as a search for meaning that has no connection whatsoever to religion or religious symbols, or no obvious connection to a sacred religious/spiritual source. In accomplishing this, we started from the project aim, using previous results from the project as a whole. Ethnicity, Language, and Religion in Iran. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well', and should include retrieval of individuals' cultural and religious beliefs and values, and preferences for care. Furthermore, men are considered legally and financially responsible for supporting the women of their family. We use cookies to improve your website experience. These are sometimes called 'cultural value preferences'. Nevertheless, the results of several studies (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi, Park, Kim, & Ahmadi Citation2017; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018) reveal the occurrence of other coping strategies that can hardly be regarded as religious or spiritual, for instance, strategies connected to nature. August 12, 2011. Seer: It is garlic and represents medicine or health. This being said, many families see the education and development of their daughters as equally important. Parents make sacrifices for children, especially for their education. Our . By the likes of tall poppy syndrome, people are expected to be humble and unassuming about themselves. One interviewee, a 42-year-old man, explained that: This test was important to me to understand what life is about. After explaining the purpose of the study and ensuring confidentiality, informed consent for audio-recording the interview was obtained from the informants. Three experts performed the peer examination. Chief Editor: Robert T. Muller, The Trauma and Mental Health Report. This being said, most families seek to encourage individuals to be independent. Get a downloadable, printable version that you can read later. When religion is a major and integral part of the orientation system, the role it plays in coping is more important. Familial relationships and reputation are important aspects of Iranian culture. Talking in terms of beating a disease . Role of Mother: Traditionally, Hmong mothers nurture and take care of the children. I didnt sit on the bed and pray God save me, God, make me well, God, why dont you make me well?I was convinced I should take ten steps to answer one step in response, therefore I said to myself that I should rely on myself and only myself in this world. In first interactions with a stranger on the street, one may find that a taxi driver is, in fact, an expert on architecture, or a colleague can explain the complex history of countries theyve never visited. Seeking Support from Clergy or Congregation Members refers to a search for comfort and reassurance through the love and care of these individuals. 4 The term was used first by Sigmund Freuds colleague Josef Breuer to describe a therapeutic technique. As mentioned before, sacred here is not defined in a religious context, but an inwardly sanctification context. They are also sometimes taught early that the protection of family honour also resides with them. When she tries to address the issue with her mother and husband, shes turned away. Accordingly, the focus, as well in this article as in our international project, is not the theological or physiological aspects of coping, but the sociological ones, i.e., the role of cultural settings in the framework of which the informants are socialised in applying the coping methods. Essential to our study is, thus, not the study of coping only from a psychological perceptive but mainly the role of culture in the present study; we define culture as a system of beliefs, traditions, customs, art, history, folklore, institutions, norm and values and how they are expressed a system that is shared by members of a society, community or group. Are Zoomies a Sign of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog? (53-year-old female), Hand in hand with God, we walked together on this path. People generally had more the freedom of choice and expression over, for example, whether they wished to pray or wear a hijab. Cultural family values normalizing child marriage. The two additional themes spiritual coping and existential coping will be presented in another article. 1.1 Taking responsibility People receive safe and effective care when pharmacy professionals take responsibility for ensuring that person-centred care is not compromised by personal values or beliefs. There remains a great deal of protection around girls in this regard. All research groups checked all interview drafts and verified all codes and categorizations. Those who are employed usually do desktop-based office work and also rarely get the same management opportunities. Iranians can often recount the countrys legacy and heritage in great detail. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. The Middle East consists of . Your family culture influences things like your moral compass, beliefs, values, and traditions. The results of the Pearson's correlation coefficient test indicated that there was no significant relationship between professional values and age (r = 0.03, p = 0.47), while there was a significant relationship between professional values and the GPA (r = 0.29, p = 0.003).This revealed that the students with higher GPA had higher scores in professional values. As people dont want to risk doing something shameful, they generally adhere to social expectations. This changed as the Islamic Republic legally enforced the separation of genders and placed extreme restrictions on women. You might choose a career based on your family culture by picking something you know your family values. Values are a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society. The holy places may also function as reminders of God; Islamic/Quranic teachings argue that remembrance of Allah leads to peace and satisfaction: Those who believe and whose hearts find peace in the remembrance of Allh. 0467469664; admin@thecleanex.com.au; The Cleanex is an NDIS Service Provider - NDIS Provider Number: 4050017476 Look! Therefore, it is very important to distinguish the political culture and values of the government from the culture and values of the Iranian people. It is common for Iranians to refer to themselves as Persian, which carries the association and prestige of the historical empire.1 The Iranian culture and people have a history of being one of the most progressive in the Middle East. The interview guide was primarily based on the questions used in the Swedish study (Ahmadi, Citation2015); however, some cultural considerations were applied during production of the final protocol. This mindset manifests in health beliefs and behaviors in significant ways. While some households may employ servants, others may struggle to put food on the table. Much of the population seeks a return to a more liberal society; older generations can often remember the time when public life was more easy-going and younger generations, exposed to alternative ideas through the internet and overseas education, yearn for a lifting of restrictions on individual behaviour. In this regard, a 53-year-old woman, told us: I never ask the clergy for help.. While prestige can be gained through achievement, boasting of it is seen as pretentious and can draw quick dislike and denigration. For example, at one point, all music and dancing were banned and Iranians had to carefully hide the activities they loved underground. . Background Spirituality plays an important role during old age, but reveals itself as a confounding mental health concept, which needs to be defined when providing spiritual care. I always went to pilgrims when I was under chemotherapy. We pay our respects to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander custodians past, present and emerging. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. Ultimately, a womans independence and freedom to make choices for herself (i.e. Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the cultural factors that have an impact on military nursing care for Iraqi patients. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of. Many Iranians have misgivings about the politicisation of Islam. The concept of orientation system concerns the ways in which culture influences peoples lives. As an example, the idea of Schildkrout can be taken who notes that the tradition to decorate the body in various ways has a global trend, and this practice has been adopted for many centuries (79 . Passive Religious Deferral refers to passive waiting for God to control the situation. Deborah A. Boyle, RN, MSN. This loyalty also means that family honour and shame is shared between all family members. Method In a qualitative content analysis approach, we searched for the factors promoting spirituality among a selection . The participants confirmed large cultural differences in doctor-patient communication when encountering Iranian and Swedish patients. Writing notes while interviewing contributed to the data quality. Rice and fresh unleavened or semi leavened whole-grain bread are staple starches. Iran has been swift and forthcoming in adopting and bringing forward new ideas. Outreach and education efforts by the health care community can help . It is a symbol of love. Nevertheless, many parents suggest partners to their children, who then may or may not agree with their recommendation. Broadly, one could make the distinction that the educated of society are more liberal whilst those in rural areas are generally more conservative. The term existential coping is employed because these methods involve individuals efforts to discover an inwardly source in nature, themselves or others that can assist them in coping with their problems. Iranian culture is one of the oldest in the region, and it has influenced cultures like Italy, Macedonia, Greece, Russia, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of Asia. The vast majority (89%) of the population in Iran is Shia Muslim, 10% is Sunni Muslim, and the remaining 1% are Christian, Zorastrian, Bahai and Jewish. In Iran, people generally feel able to relax their moral codes of behaviour and reveal the private side of their life when surrounded by people from their inner circle. For more information please visit our Permissions help page. Iranian culture is patriarchal, legally and culturally males have more rights and privileges than females. Family beliefs define what you think is essential and what is good. Show abstract. Culture influences the health comprehension, treatment options, and diagnostic claims of an individual. Family roles and dynamics vary significantly between those households that have progressive understandings of womens rights, authority and privacy and those that maintain traditional values. However, it has received less attention from policymakers and health researchers in Iran. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC, Source: PakPolaris at Deviant Art, Creative Commons, If You Need to Pull an All-Nighter, This Should Be Your Diet, Mass Shootings Are a Symptom, Not the Root Problem. Robert T. Muller, Ph.D., is a professor of psychology at York University, and the author of the book Trauma and the Avoidant Client. Traditions, cultural values, attitudes and behaviors help in children's rearing in the society and relays the family structure from generation to generation [ 7 ]. Behaviour in Iran is also noticeably influenced by peoples perceptions of pride and dignity. A Minor Leap Down, an Iranian film featured at international film festivals in Berlin and Toronto, illustrates the struggle of a 30-year-old Iranian woman named Nahal, whose deteriorating mental health is undermined by her family. Im not dependent on anything or anybody. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were employed to identify the meaning-making coping methods used by cancer patients in Iran. In order to provide sensitive and culturally appropriate care, nurses should be aware of the general impact of cultural norms and values on the process of maternal role attainment and strive to meet the cultural needs of all mothers. Elderly parents are dependent on adult children and grandchildren. Most Iranians seem to be unified across ethnic divides. Stigma surrounding psychological disorders in Iran often leads to isolation, as fear of judgment and ridicule creates barriers to pursuing treatment. Meat (usually lamb, goat, or chicken) is used as a condiment rather than as the centerpiece of a meal. Ziyarat is, however, not merely a way of reaching God to ask for help. The notion that illness is a test imposed on us by God is an old one. Twenty-seven participants with various kinds of cancer were interviewed. Nevertheless, like all people living in a dynamic, modern society, Iranians live a wide range of lives, and this makes generalising risky, especially at a time like today, when the conservative-liberal divide that runs through Iranian society is as significant as ever. Does a Dog's Head Shape Predict How Smart It Is? 5. In the current paper, based on the study carried out in Iran, only the results on religious coping methods will be presented. Culture, a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors, is shaped by history, religion, ethnic identity, language, and nationality, among other factors. Iranian Culture 12 Traditions and Customs Only Iranians Will Understand Posted on 28 July 2019 As in any other country, Iran is ripe with quirks and eccentricities. Collaborative religious coping refers to a search for control through a partnership with God. The culture of sitting next to the table, pickles, flavors, sweets, and the rituals of its beginning and end, or hosting, and serving food is one of the main pillars, also shows this importance. A health belief system has four key components: perceived susceptibility. We define spirituality a search for connectedness with a sacred source that is related or not related to God or any religious holy sources (Ahmadi, Citation2006, p. 7273). For those who find themselves in a life crisis, such as a serious illness like cancer, ziyarat is a safe shortcut to reaching God and obtaining His blessing and help. We find two patterns regarding such connectedness. Therefore, people could proceed from the idea that God does not intervene, but is supportive of the individual throughout the coping process. The first, and perhaps most crucial, elements of culture we will discuss are its values and beliefs. Survey identifies health behaviors, challenges shared by Muslim community. The present article is based on an international study on meaning-making coping aimed at understanding the role of culture in coping. All leaders are expected to have a high level of academic achievement or theological education. Today, the conservative interpretations of Islam have become a major social force and dictate much of what Iranians can and cannot do. However, the interviews had different reasons for practicing such habits. A 75-year-old woman told us: When the doctor said I had cancer, my children were extremely worried but I tried to comfort them to not be worried and said they should trust in God. Different. keeping to the rules to avoid attracting the attention of government operatives). This high rate of cesarean requires careful consideration. This ensures that the households name is not implicated with trouble and their honour is protected. Patients in Somalia commonly exhibit symptoms of chronic disorders in response to stress and turmoil. Generally, families with higher educations will be more open-minded regarding the mothers and fathers contribution to the household dynamic. They were conducted face-to-face and in Persian; all interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed verbatim. This means women commonly get passed over for jobs, earn less and receive lower allowances as it is expected that their male family member will support them. I know that Ive done a lot of wicked things in my life. Beliefs are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. The dynamics of relationships are significantly shaped by the reality of which activities Iranians feel safe doing in public. Therefore, if Iranians go out with their girlfriend or boyfriend in public, they run the risk of being berated, reported on or even detained. However, as men dominate the public sphere and hold more decision-making power, womens authority is mostly limited to the domestic space. Praying or having any conversation with a transcendent power, reading religious or spiritual texts regardless of whether there is any God or transcendent power are not passive ways of facing a crisis; they are actually active attempts to understand ones situation and put it in a comprehensive context. While this is statistically unlikely to happen, it is a consideration that affects behaviour. Seven major themes emerged: respect for dignity, professional integrity, professional commitment, developing human relationships, justice, honesty, and promoting individuals and the nursing profession. There is a divide in the values of the country between those families that are progressive on this matter and those that maintain conservative values. They ensure civil law and court decisions abide by the principles of Islam, and are generally highly conservative. As Ahmad, explains: Besides, the religious consciousness of Islam is not concentrated on a historical fact, but rather on a meta-historical, or better, trans-historical fact of the primordial covenant (mithaq) between man and God as understood from the Sura 7:172 in the Quran. Vegetables are central to the Iranian diet, with onions an ingredient of virtually every dish. Iranian culture remains relatively class conscious. whether for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons. They are expected to be clean, well-behaved, and good students. culture and values, Nigerians progressively imbibed the white-men's way of life and values (Nwabuisi, 2000). such as religious beliefs, social norms, and family values. Culture, a socially transmitted system of shared knowledge, beliefs and/or practices that varies across groups, and individuals within those groups, has been a critical mode of adaptation throughout the history of our species [].Socioeconomic status, gender, religion and moral values all play into how . Dating practices vary significantly between regions, and are impacted by attitudes and education. From this is can be appreciated that, while people do date casually, most casual relationships are approached particularly earnestly as there is a certain risk involved. Designing effective health interventions for managing early marriage needs to apply the community-based approaches. I told the nurse to bring me a Quran. In an effort to study from a sociological perspective more closely the role of culture in cancer patients meaning-making coping methods, an international project has been conducted in 10 countries (Sweden, South Korea, China, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Portugal, Brazil, Turkey and Iran). They help each other through difficulties, and are always there for each other through thick and thin. perceived severity. Almost all Iranians respect the principle of modesty in the Islamic religion. In the first pattern, religious actions are rooted in religious beliefs. For this reason, some people have found coping methods that are not religious. To be able to appreciate other cultures' health values, beliefs, and behaviors, increased cultural c Iranians often like to consider themselves as having a cultured yet rebellious and revolutionary identity as a people. Several Iranian dishes originated from the Greeks, Arabs, Turks and Russians. Breuer developed what he referred to as a cathartic treatment for hysteria. Still, when religion plays a predominant role as a coping resource, this is often because the individual has few or limited other alternatives available in his/her immediate sociocultural context. The continuous presence of pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities - such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians - has served to accustom the population to non-Muslims participating in Iranian society. Mixing of males and females only really occurs within families or closely knit circles of friends. 6. (p. 138). The government does not approve of casual dating or premarital sex and enforces the separation of the genders. The history of the Italian people, their . According to research published in the Journal of Health and Social Behaviour by Erin Cornwell of Cornell University and Linda Waite of the University of Chicago, social relationships are particularly important for those coping with mental illness; social withdrawal aggravates loneliness, stress, and feelings of low self-worth. And this is the way he wants to remind me. The researchers have a continued commitment to the research areas. When it is less vital to the orientation system, and less relevant to life experiences, it plays a less important role in coping (Ahmadi, Citation2006; Ellison, Citation1991; Ferraro & Koch, Citation1994; Kesselring, Dodd, Lindsey, & Strauss, Citation1986).
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