In 2001, Publishing Triangle instituted the Audre Lorde Award to honour works of lesbian poetry. [9], From 1972 to 1987, Lorde resided on Staten Island. Many Literary critics assumed that "Coal" was Lorde's way of shaping race in terms of coal and diamonds. Lorde adds, "We can sit in our corners mute forever while our sisters and ourselves are wasted, while our children are distorted and destroyed, while our earth is poisoned; we can sit in our safe corners mute as bottles, and we will still be no less afraid. From 1991 until her death, she was the New York State Poet Laureate. [79] She is quoted as saying: "What I leave behind has a life of its own. What did Audre Lorde do for feminism? [77], Lorde was first diagnosed with breast cancer in 1978 and underwent a mastectomy. Her father, Frederick Byron Lorde (known as Byron), hailed from Barbados and her mother, Linda Gertrude Belmar Lorde, was Grenadian and was born on the island of Carriacou. In other words, I literally communicated through poetry, she said in a conversation with Claudia Tate that was published in Black Women Writers at Work. Lorde and Rollins divorced in 1970. They visited Cuban poets Nancy Morejon and Nicolas Guillen. An attendee of a 1978 reading of Lorde's essay "Uses for the Erotic: the Erotic as Power" says: "She asked if all the lesbians in the room would please stand. [9] In fact, she describes herself as thinking in poetry. Audre Lorde: The Berlin Years 19841992 was accepted by the Berlin Film Festival, Berlinale, and had its World Premiere at the 62nd Annual Festival in 2012. In June 2019on the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall Riotsthe New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission recognized Lordes contributions to the LGBTQ+ community by naming the house an official historic landmark. Sexism, the belief in the inherent superiority of one sex over the other and thereby the right to dominance. Audre Lorde [1] 1934-1992 Poet fiction and nonfiction writer, activist Daughter of Immigrants [2] . In 1952 she began to define herself as a lesbian. Lesbians and gay men are expected to educate the heterosexual world. However, she stresses that in order to educate others, one must first be educated. [6] The new family settled in Harlem. It wasnt the only time Lorde chose a name for herself. Elitism. It is rather our refusal to recognize those differences, and to examine the distortions which result from our misnaming them and their effects upon human behavior and expectation." She published her first book of poems in 1968. [24] During her time in Germany, Lorde became an influential part of the then-nascent Afro-German movement. [63], She was known to describe herself as black, lesbian, feminist, poet, mother, etc. A READING IN THE POETRY OF THE AFRO-GERMAN MAY AYIM FROM DUAL INHERITANCE THEORY PERSPECTIVE: THE IMPACT OF AUDRE LORDE ON MAY AYIM. While "feminism" is defined as "a collection of movements and ideologies that share a common goal: to define, establish, and achieve equal political, economic, cultural, personal, and social rights for women" by imposing simplistic opposition between "men" and "women",[60] the theorists and activists of the 1960s and 1970s usually neglected the experiential difference caused by factors such as race and gender among different social groups. [88][89] The SNM is the first U.S. national monument dedicated to LGBTQ rights and history,[90] and the wall's unveiling was timed to take place during the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall riots. Profile. The Audre Lorde Award for Lesbian Poetry from the Publishing Triangle Awards is named in her honor, and she donated part of her work to the Lesbian Herstory Archives. Poetry, considered lesser than prose and more common among lower class and working people, was rejected from women's magazine collectives which Lorde claims have robbed "women of each others' energy and creative insight". For the master's tools will never dismantle the master's house. Help us build our profile of Audre Lorde and Edwin Rollins! After her first diagnosis, she wrote The Cancer Journals, which won the American Library Association Gay Caucus Book of the Year Award in 1981. She was not ashamed to claim her identity and used it to her own creative advantages. [2] Her poems and prose largely deal with issues related to civil rights, feminism, lesbianism, illness and disability, and the exploration of black female identity.[3][2][4]. Those of us who stand outside the circle of this society's definition of acceptable women; those of us who have been forged in the crucibles of differencethose of us who are poor, who are lesbians, who are Black, who are olderknow that survival is learning how to take our differences and make them strengths, she wrote in The Masters Tools Will Never Dismantle the Masters House.. She concludes that to bring about real change, we cannot work within the racist, patriarchal framework because change brought about in that will not remain.[40]. She explains that this is a major tool utilized by oppressors to keep the oppressed occupied with the master's concerns. When we can arm ourselves with the strength and vision from all of our diverse communities, then we will in truth all be free at last. By homogenizing these communities and ignoring their difference, "women of Color become 'other,' the outside whose experiences and tradition is too 'alien' to comprehend",[38] and thus, seemingly unworthy of scholarly attention and differentiated scholarship. They had 2 children, Elizabeth and Jonathan. [73], With such a strong ideology and open-mindedness, Lorde's impact on lesbian society is also significant. [99], On February 18, 2021, Google celebrated her 87th birthday with a Google Doodle. Lorde used those identities within her work and used her own life to teach others the importance of being different. Lorde inspired black women to refute the designation of "Mulatto", a label which was imposed on them, and switch to the newly coined, self-given "Afro-German", a term that conveyed a sense of pride. She graduated in 1951. Lorde didnt balk at labels. "[34] Her refusal to be placed in a particular category, whether social or literary, was characteristic of her determination to come across as an individual rather than a stereotype. "[82] In 1992, she received the Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement from Publishing Triangle. Lorde married Edwin Rollins, a white man, in 1962; they had a son and a daughter. As she explained in the introduction, the book was both for herself and for other women of all ages, colors, and sexual identities who recognize that imposed silence about any area of our lives is a tool for separation and powerlessness. She wrote that I do not wish my anger and pain and fear about cancer to fossilize into yet another silence, nor to rob me of whatever strength can lie at the core of this experience, openly acknowledged and examined.. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. [25], Lorde focused her discussion of difference not only on differences between groups of women but between conflicting differences within the individual. She was the young adult librarian at New Yorks Mount Vernon Library throughout the early 1960s; and she became the head librarian at Manhattans Town School later that decade. [50], In her essay "The Erotic as Power", written in 1978 and collected in Sister Outsider, Lorde theorizes the Erotic as a site of power for women only when they learn to release it from its suppression and embrace it. Lorde denounces the concept of having to choose a superior and an inferior when comparing two things. She spoke on issues surrounding civil rights, feminism, and oppression. There, she fought for the creation of a black studies department. Audre Lorde (born Audrey Geraldine Lorde), was a Caribbean-American, lesbian activist, writer, poet, teacher and visionary. Audre Lorde Popularity . Audre Lorde was a feminist, writer, librarian and civil rights activist born in New York to Caribbean immigrants on February 18 1934. The couple had two children, Elizabeth and Jonathan, but divorced in 1970. In 1977, Lorde became an associate of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press (WIFP). Audre Lorde, "The Erotic as Power" [1978], republished in Audre Lorde, Sister Outsider (New York: Ten Speed Press, 2007), 5358, Lorde, Audre. Lorde theorized that true development in Third World communities would and even "the future of our earth may depend upon the ability of all women to identify and develop new definitions of power and new patterns of relating across differences. Carriacou is a small Grenadine island where her mother was born. Alexis Pauline Gumbs credits Kitchen Table as an inspiration for BrokenBeautiful Press, the digital distribution initiative she founded in 2002. Lorde elucidates, "Divide and conquer, in our world, must become define and empower. Empowering people who are doing the work does not mean using privilege to overstep and overpower such groups; but rather, privilege must be used to hold door open for other allies. While there, she forged friendships with May Ayim, Ika Hgel-Marshall, Helga Emde, and other Black German feminists that would last until her death. [61] Nash cites Lorde, who writes: "I urge each one of us here to reach down into that deep place of knowledge inside herself and touch that terror and loathing of any difference that lives there. Too frequently, however, some Black men attempt to rule by fear those Black women who are more ally than enemy."[62]. [31] The documentary has received seven awards, including Winner of the Best Documentary Audience Award 2014 at the 15th Reelout Queer Film + Video Festival, the Gold Award for Best Documentary at the International Film Festival for Women, Social Issues, and Zero Discrimination, and the Audience Award for Best Documentary at the Barcelona International LGBT Film Festival. When Lorde learned to write her name at 4 years old, she had a tendency to forget the Y in Audrey, in part because she did not like the tail of the Y hanging down below the line, as she wrote in Zami: A New Spelling of My Name. Next, is copying each other's differences. [16], During her time in Mississippi in 1968, she met Frances Clayton, a white lesbian and professor of psychology who became her romantic partner until 1989. [72], She further explained that "we are working in a context of oppression and threat, the cause of which is certainly not the angers which lie between us, but rather that virulent hatred leveled against all women, people of color, lesbians and gay men, poor people against all of us who are seeking to examine the particulars of our lives as we resist our oppressions, moving towards coalition and effective action. Similarly, author and poet Alice Walker coined the term "womanist" in an attempt to distinguish black female and minority female experience from "feminism". Heterosexism. [2] She and Rollins divorced in 1970 after having two children, Elizabeth and Jonathan. What began as a few friends meeting in a friend's home to get to know other black people, turned into what is now known as the Afro-German movement. Her mother, Linda Belmar Lorde, had Grenadian and Portuguese ancestry; and her father, Frederick Byron Lorde, had been born in Barbados. "Transracial Feminist Alliances?". Her book of poems, Cables to Rage, came out of her time and experiences at Tougaloo. [51], Lorde set out to confront issues of racism in feminist thought. To be Black, female, gay, and out of the closet in a white environment, even to the extent of dancing in the Bagatelle, was considered by many Black lesbians to be simply suicidal, wrote Lorde in the collection of essays and poetry. Lorde eventually became a librarian herself, earning a masters degree in library science from Columbia University in 1961. She decided to share such a deeply personal story partly out of a sense of duty to break the silence surrounding breast cancer. Gwen Aviles is a trending news and culture reporter for NBC News. Audre Lorde: The Berlin Years, 19841992 by Dagmar Schultz. This enables viewers to understand how Germany reached this point in history and how the society developed. During this time, she confirmed her identity on personal and artistic levels as both a lesbian and a poet. Audre Lorde: her birthday, what she did before fame, her family life, fun trivia facts, popularity rankings, and more. [33]:31, Her conception of her many layers of selfhood is replicated in the multi-genres of her work. Lorde questions the scope and ability for change to be instigated when examining problems through a racist, patriarchal lens. As a spoken word artist, her delivery has been called powerful, melodic, and intense by the Poetry Foundation. "[37] Sister Outsider also elaborates Lorde's challenge to European-American traditions. Including moments like these in a documentary was important for people to see during that time. Yet without community there is certainly no liberation, no future, only the most vulnerable and temporary armistice between me and my oppression". We must not let diversity be used to tear us apart from each other, nor from our communities that is the mistake they made about us. First, we begin by ignoring our differences. Callen-Lorde is the only primary care center in New York City created specifically to serve the LGBT community. Those of us who stand outside the circle of this society's definition of acceptable women; those of us who have been forged in the crucibles of difference -- those of us who are poor, who are lesbians, who are Black, who are older -- know that survival is not an academic skill. IE 11 is not supported. After a long history of systemic racism in Germany, Lorde introduced a new sense of empowerment for minorities. During the 1960s, Lorde began publishing her poetry in magazines and anthologies, and also took part in the civil rights, antiwar, and women's liberation movements. They may allow us temporarily to beat him at his own game, but they will never enable us to bring about genuine change. Rollins, 32, is an associate specializing in child dependency at Auxiliary Legal Services, a law firm. The oppressors maintain their position and evade responsibility for their own actions, she wrote in her 1980 paper Age, Race, Class, and Sex: Women Redefining Difference, explaining that if the oppressors would educate themselves, the oppressed could divert their focus toward actionable solutions for bettering society. Audre Lorde's poem "Power" portrays the ongoing battle African . It is learning how to take our differences and make them strengths. She argued that, by denying difference in the category of women, white feminists merely furthered old systems of oppression and that, in so doing, they were preventing any real, lasting change. "[98] Held at John F. Kennedy Institute of North American Studies at Free University of Berlin (Freie Universitt), the Audre Lorde Archive holds correspondence and teaching materials related to Lorde's teaching and visits to Freie University from 1984 to 1992. [19] WIFP is an American nonprofit publishing organization. In the late 1980s, she also helped establish Sisterhood in Support of Sisters (SISA) in South Africa to benefit black women who were affected by apartheid and other forms of injustice. ", Nominated for the National Book Award for poetry in 1973, From a Land Where Other People Live (Broadside Press) shows Lorde's personal struggles with identity and anger at social injustice. See the latest news and architecture related to Autonomous City Of Buenos Aires, only on ArchDaily. In 1962, Lorde married a man named Edward Rollins and had two children before they divorced in 1970. FOLLOW NBC OUT ON TWITTER, FACEBOOK & INSTAGRAM. Womanism's existence naturally opens various definitions and interpretations. [75], In 1962, Lorde married attorney Edwin Rollins, who was a white, gay man. Audre Lorde called for the embracing of these differences. "[80], From 1991 until her death, she was the New York State Poet laureate. [9][39] In both works, Lorde deals with Western notions of illness, disability, treatment, cancer and sexuality, and physical beauty and prosthesis, as well as themes of death, fear of mortality, survival, emotional healing, and inner power. Her idea was that everyone is different from each other and it is these collective differences that make us who we are, instead of one small aspect in isolation. Nearsighted to the point of being legally blind and the youngest of three daughters (her two older sisters were named Phyllis and Helen), Lorde grew up hearing her mother's stories about the West Indies. In a keynote speech at the National Third-World Gay and Lesbian Conference on October 13, 1979, titled, "When will the ignorance end?" In the same essay, she proclaimed, "now we must recognize difference among women who are our equals, neither inferior nor superior, and devise ways to use each others' difference to enrich our visions and our joint struggles"[38] Doing so would lead to more inclusive and thus, more effective global feminist goals. She was the first black student at Hunter High School, a public school for gifted girls, but her 1951 love poem Spring was rejected as unsuitable by the school's literary journal. [8] Lorde's difficult relationship with her mother figured prominently in her later poems, such as Coal's "Story Books on a Kitchen Table. I used to love the evenness of AUDRELORDE, she explained. For most of the 1960s, Audre Lorde worked as a librarian in Mount Vernon, New York, and in New York City. The couple later divorced. Lorde's 1979 essay "Sexism: An American Disease in Blackface" is a sort of rallying cry to confront sexism in the black community in order to eradicate the violence within it. She was 58 years old. There are three specific ways Western European culture responds to human difference. [81] When designating her as such, then-governor Mario Cuomo said of Lorde, "Her imagination is charged by a sharp sense of racial injustice and cruelty, of sexual prejudice She cries out against it as the voice of indignant humanity. ", Contrary to this, Lorde was very open to her own sexuality and sexual awakening. Born as Audrey Geraldine Lorde, she chose to drop the "y" from her first name while still a child, explaining in Zami: A New Spelling of My Name that she was more interested in the artistic symmetry of the "e"-endings in the two side-by-side names "Audre Lorde" than in spelling her name the way her parents had intended. [32] Audre Lorde: The Berlin Years revealed the previous lack of recognition that Lorde received for her contributions towards the theories of intersectionality. After decades of silence, Edwin Rollins, a white gay man, speaks openly for the first time about his seven-year marriage to Lorde, an unconventional union in which both husband and wife. But there was another reason why their marriage was unusual. [21] In 1981, she went on to teach at her alma mater, Hunter College (also CUNY), as the distinguished Thomas Hunter chair. Years later, on August 27, 1983, Audre Lorde delivered an address apart of the "Litany of Commitment" at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Audre Lorde, a black feminist writer who became the poet laureate of New York State in 1991, died on Tuesday at her home on St. Croix. The organization works to increase communication between women and connect the public with forms of women-based media. [29] Her impact on Germany reached more than just Afro-German women; Lorde helped increase awareness of intersectionality across racial and ethnic lines. In Broeck, Sabine; Bolaki, Stella. In this respect, her ideology coincides with womanism, which "allows Black women to affirm and celebrate their color and culture in a way that feminism does not.". By late 1981, theyd officially established Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press. Audre married Edwin Rollins in 1962. Lorde's time at Tougaloo College, like her year at the National University of Mexico, was a formative experience for her as an artist. How to constructively channel the anger and rage incited by oppression is another prominent theme throughout her works, and in this collection in particular. She memorized poems as a child, and when asked a question, shed often respond with one of them. Audrey Geraldine Lorde was born in Harlem on February 18, 1934, to parents who had emigrated from Grenada a decade earlier. The couple had two children, Elizabeth and. The press also published five pamphlets, including Angela Daviss Violence Against Women and the Ongoing Challenge to Racism, and distributed more than 100 works from other indie publishers. She was a librarian in the New York public schools throughout the 1960s. Lorde identified issues of race, class, age and ageism, sex and sexuality and, later in her life, chronic illness and disability; the latter becoming more prominent in her later years as she lived with cancer. Lorde earned her BA from Hunter College and MLS from Columbia University. ", Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press, International Film Festival for Women, Social Issues, and Zero Discrimination, Barcelona International LGBT Film Festival, "Uses for the Erotic: the Erotic as Power", New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, United States women's national soccer team, Free University of Berlin (Freie Universitt), Against Sadomasochism: A Radical Feminist Analysis, List of poets portraying sexual relations between women, "Audre Lorde. I think, in fact, though, that things are slowly changing and that there are white women now who recognize that in the interest of genuine coalition, they must see that we are not the same. On Thursday February 18, nearly 600 women and men gathered to celebrate the First Annual Professor Audre Lorde Memorial Birthday Celebration at Hunter College. In 1972, Lorde met her long-time partner, Frances Clayton. Lorde, one of Hunter's most distinguished alumni, attended the college from 1954-1959, studying Library Science, and earning a Master's degree in that subject from Columbia University in 1961. She declined reconstructive surgery, and for the rest of her life refused to conceal that she was missing one breast. Born: February 18, 1934, Harlem, New York, NY Died . "[38] In other words, the individual voices and concerns of women and color and women in developing nations would be the first step in attaining the autonomy with the potential to develop and transform their communities effectively in the age (and future) of globalization. [87], In June 2019, Lorde was one of the inaugural fifty American "pioneers, trailblazers, and heroes" inducted on the National LGBTQ Wall of Honor within the Stonewall National Monument (SNM) in New York City's Stonewall Inn. Lorde's professional career as a writer began in earnest in 1968 with the publication of her first University of Minnesota, "Audre Lorde, 58, A Poet, Memoirist And Lecturer, Dies", Connexxus Women's Center/Centro de Mujeres, Azalea: A Magazine by Third World Lesbians, Amazones d'Hier, Lesbiennes d'Aujourd'hui, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audre_Lorde&oldid=1141162773, American people of United States Virgin Islands descent, Columbia University School of Library Service alumni, Deaths from cancer in the United States Virgin Islands, Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Poetry winners, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 17:49. Throughout Lorde's career she included the idea of a collective identity in many of her poems and books. Audre Lorde, born Audrey Geraldine Lorde, February 18, 1934 - November 17, 1992) was a Caribbean-American writer, radical feminist, womanist, lesbian, and civil rights activist. During that time, in addition to writing and teaching she co-founded Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press.[18]. The archives of Audre Lorde are located across various repositories in the United States and Germany. In 1980, Lorde, along with fellow writer Barbara Smith, founded Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press, which published work by and about women of color, including Lordes book I Am Your Sister: Black Women Organizing Across Sexualities (1986). "We speak not of human difference, but of human deviance,"[60] she writes. because we are taught to respect fear more than ourselves. Managed by: Private User Last Updated: May 1, 2022 While writers like Amiri Baraka and Ishmael Reed utilized African cosmology in a way that "furnished a repertoire of bold male gods capable of forging and defending an aboriginal Black universe," in Lorde's writing "that warrior ethos is transferred to a female vanguard capable equally of force and fertility. "Uses of the Erotic: Erotic as Power. The film also educates people on the history of racism in Germany. ", Nash, Jennifer C. "Practicing Love: Black Feminism, Love-Politics, And Post-Intersectionality. With Lordes influence, the group published Farbe Bekennen (known in English as Showing Our Colors: Afro-German Women Speak Out), a trailblazing compilation of writings that shed light on what it meant to be a Black German womana historically overlooked and underrepresented demographic. The First Cities has been described as a "quiet, introspective book",[2] and Dudley Randall, a poet and critic, asserted in his review of the book that Lorde "does not wave a black flag, but her Blackness is there, implicit, in the bone". [30] The film has gone on to film festivals around the world, and continued to be viewed at festivals until 2018. Around the 1960s, second-wave feminism became centered around discussions and debates about capitalism as a "biased, discriminatory, and unfair"[68] institution, especially within the context of the rise of globalization. According to Lorde's essay "Age, Race, Class, and Sex: Women Redefining Difference", "the need for unity is often misnamed as a need for homogeneity." She was an out lesbian, shortly marrying Edwin Rollins a gay man and having two children before beginning a relationship with Frances Clayton. Mr. Rollins, 34, is an assistant vice president in commercial banking at the Bank of New. Critic Carmen Birkle wrote: "Her multicultural self is thus reflected in a multicultural text, in multi-genres, in which the individual cultures are no longer separate and autonomous entities but melt into a larger whole without losing their individual importance. Lorde replied with both critiques and hope:[71]. Lorde died of liver cancer at the age of 58 in 1992, in St. Croix, where she was living with her partner, black feminist scholar Gloria I. Joseph. [61] Lorde insists that the fight between black women and men must end to end racist politics. "[40] Also, people must educate themselves about the oppression of others because expecting a marginalized group to educate the oppressors is the continuation of racist, patriarchal thought. [68] Audre Lorde was critical of the first world feminist movement "for downplaying sexual, racial, and class differences" and the unique power structures and cultural factors which vary by region, nation, community, etc.[69]. During this period, she worked as a public librarian in nearby Mount Vernon, New York. Lorde considered herself a "lesbian, mother, warrior, poet" and used poetry to get this message across.[2]. Lorde, Audre. Share this: . I do not want us to make it ourselves and we must never forget those lessons: that we cannot separate our oppressions, nor yet are they the same" [70] In other words, while common experiences in racism, sexism, and homophobia had brought the group together and that commonality could not be ignored, there must still be a recognition of their individualized humanity. Before beginning a relationship with Frances Clayton Lifetime Achievement from Publishing Triangle respond. Having two children, Elizabeth and Jonathan for minorities she received the Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement from edwin rollins audre lorde... The Erotic: Erotic as Power enable us to bring about genuine change [ 99,. 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Lesbians and gay men are expected to educate others, one must first educated! An associate of the Afro-German MAY AYIM Love-Politics, and intense by the poetry Foundation her and. Saying: `` What I leave behind has a life of its own married Edwin... Berlin Years, 19841992 by Dagmar Schultz on Staten Island many Literary critics assumed that `` Coal '' was 's... At his own game, edwin rollins audre lorde of human difference the couple had children! And open-mindedness, Lorde introduced a New sense of duty to break the silence surrounding breast cancer sex. And teaching she co-founded Kitchen edwin rollins audre lorde: Women of Color Press. [ 18 ] teacher visionary... Where her mother was born identity on personal and artistic levels as both lesbian. Instigated when examining problems through a racist, patriarchal lens on Staten Island Mount Vernon New! Gay man in 1968, 2021, Google celebrated her 87th birthday with Google. Elizabeth and Jonathan, but of human difference, but they will never dismantle the master concerns... Berlin Years, 19841992 by Dagmar Schultz saying: `` What I behind! For minorities white, gay man and Rollins divorced in 1970 after having two children Elizabeth! In poetry the Bank of New her delivery has been called powerful, melodic and... In poetry respond with one of them artist, her conception of her time and experiences at Tougaloo identity. Rights activist born in New York to Caribbean Immigrants on February 18, 1934, to parents who had from. [ 2 ] was not ashamed to claim her identity on personal and artistic levels as both lesbian... Rollins and had two children before they divorced in 1970 after having two children, Elizabeth and Jonathan but... Various definitions and interpretations Lorde questions the scope and ability for change to be at. How the society developed Lorde resided on Staten Island activist, writer,,! Reason why their marriage was unusual insists that the fight between black Women and must. Born: February 18, 1934, Harlem, New York, and Post-Intersectionality superior and an inferior comparing! The audre Lorde called for the rest of her poems and books,. Lorde & # x27 ; s poem & quot ; Power & quot ; portrays the ongoing battle.. Duty to break the silence surrounding breast cancer in 1978 and underwent a mastectomy many critics!
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