Also, don't search for spiders in nature reserves or national parks by turning rocks, digging holes, or otherwise disturbing the environment. Good boots provide protection against thorns and snake bites. Bites from this species cause pain and long-lasting muscle cramps. This can be summarized as the Eastern Hemisphere. The Goliath birdeater is the biggest tarantula in the world, and weighs in at around 175 grams, making it the world's heaviest spider. In addition to being docile, their venom is relatively mild compared to other spider species. Slide a piece of paper in under the glass or container to the trap the spider, and take it outside and let it go in the garden. These tarantulas spend the majority of their time in their burrows underground. They produce the stridulation sound effect by rubbing the femurs of their first and second pairs of legs. If the tarantula doesnt bolt on you, after opening the top, put the container it was shipped in, into the terrarium the tarantula is to be housed in if the terrarium is large enough. This defines where those tarantulas live in the wild either on the ground/in burrows or in trees. Ceratogyrus cornuatus (De Wet & Dippenaar-Schoeman, 1991) = Ceratogyrus marshalli, Eucratoscelus (Pocock, 1898) Although it has massive fangs, the Goliaths venom is relatively harmless to humans. GPS Kit is an excellent GPS app for the iPhone and iPad. The thirteen most venomous tarantulas, from the least venomous to the most venomous, includes: Common name:giant baboon spider, Cameroon red baboon spider, red baboon tarantula. Its called the old world because its the area that was inhabited before the discovery of the Americas. The Mexican blood leg is famous for its docile nature. Color: They have a rusty brown or orange body with black fangs. Blue-legged baboon spider, Harpactira pulchripes Horned baboon spider, Ceratogyrus darlingi Interesting trends After returning to base camp in Pretoria they reviewed everything and added geographic coordinates to the locality data in order for it to be used for plotting maps and other kinds of analyses, such as species distribution modelling. Most of them have the tendency to be short-tempered, speedy, and aggressive. This makes them challenging to keep compared to the new world varieties. Put your tarantula cage on a table or shelf. Females grow larger than males, normally around 6cm. Their required enclosures are taller than they are wide, as they need quite a few inches to climb and construct webs. The bite is painful and could cause muscle spasms and cramping. Just note that you still need to keep coordinates for the sites you visit in your GPS app. Poecilotheria regalis is a tree tarantula that is common in India. However, it can be said that there are about 800-900 different types of tarantulas when referring to unique species. These tarantulas dont waste time when it comes to being defensive and will attack without hesitation. (D) The spider's burrow entrance amongst a grass tuft. Common name:Indian ornamental tree spider, Indian ornamental. Although new world tarantula species are generally not aggressive, some arent quite as docile as others. Blue-Foot Baboon ( Idiothele mira) In the wild, the blue-foot baboon is one of the few spider species that can build a trap door to catch prey. The good news is that this tarantula does give what are known as dry bites most of the time, where no venom is injected. However, if one does accidentally come into the house you can safely remove it with the 'glass and paper' technique. If youre keeping a Togo starburst baboon as a pet, you should avoid handling the spider with your hands as they have highly potent venom. Only hobbyists with experience handling venomous spider species should keep the following species of tarantulas. They are a slow-growing species, but can reach a leg span of up to 20 centimetres (7.9in). Common name: burst horned baboon tarantula, African rear-horned baboon tarantula. Theyre faster than new world spiders and are not afraid of confrontation. Atlasing, the process of finding and photographing animals that interest you, and uploading your records to atlas databases, is great fun and becomes an obsessive pastime for many people. Understand a threat pose is invasion of their space when you clean out their cage or remove them from it. There are no confirmed records of any southern African baboon spiders being dangerous to man, although rumours do exist that one species from the Western Cape, Harpactirella lightfooti, delivers a serious bite. Lystrosaurus was one of the few terrestial species that survived the permian extinction. Old world tarantulas are known as tarantulas that are not very beginner-friendly or nice to care for. Norman I. Platnick: The World Spider Catalog, American Museum of Natural History. The Lamprropelma nigerrimum is a tarantula from Indonesia that can grow up to 18cm. Most OW tarantulas are pretty good at defending themselves. If they cannot find a suitable structure, they will burrow. There have been no human deaths resulting from a bite from this tarantula, but their bites are considered medically significant. A tarantula might be a bit intimidating, but it is also quite docile and will not attack you if you just take it out of the box. Habitats include savanna woodlands, grasslands, and dry scrublands. Tarantulas are broken down into two classifications, the genus and the species. You can find potentially interesting habitats using satellite imagery, roads and tracks to areas you want to visit. This Old World species does not have urticating hairs. When unpacking your new OW tarantula, dont expect it to fit all of its usual characteristics. [citation needed]. It is also known as the red baboon tarantula, Cameroon red baboon spider, and giant baboon spider. Harpactirella latithorax (Strand, 1908) Euathlus vulpinus With a terrestrial tarantula, you can expect a tarantula that stays on the ground of their enclosure and typically burrows into their substrate. This Old World species has a fast growth rate and a nervous and skittish temperament. If you have a spider you'd like us to identify please use, Website by Dimitri Kambas & Ian Engelbrecht, Discovering and mapping the distributions of Southern Africa's baboon spiders. A bite can cause intense pain, while their large fangs can cause a secondary bacterial infection if not treated properly. While this type of tarantula spends most of its time out in the open, there are a few species that are pretty finicky when it comes to their care requirements. Obviously if a spider wanders into camp or you see one while on foot you can photograph it, but you cannot actively search for burrows by turning rocks, or lure spiders out of their burrows, as this consitutes interference with the wildlife and the environment. The only species of thePelinobiusgenus, the King baboon tarantula, is a burrowing spider indigenous to east Africa. While their venom is not considered medically significant, a bite can cause nausea or an allergic reaction, which may require medical attention. However, it has the great ability to be kept communally as long as enough food is provided. Are Tarantulas Poisonous or Dangerous to Humans? The only truly arboreal baboon spider belongs to this genus. This should have a lid on top to protect it from the elements. In general, the arid Bushmanland, Karoo, Kalahari, and Namaqualand regions are the most poorly known for most animal taxa in South Africa and the same is likely to be the case for baboon spiders. Ceratogyrus (Pocock, 1897) [Senior synonym of Coelogenium Purcell, 1902] While their environmental preferences do sometimes influence their overall behavior, it largely just determines how they should be kept. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. King baboon tarantulas grow to a large size, but very slowly. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=King_baboon_spider&oldid=1073083399, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022, Taxonbars with multiple manual Wikidata items, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 20 February 2022, at 23:26. They have a strong venom and while they are not deadly to humans, their bites can cause pain and localized itching, which can last for up to five days. For more information, please read our privacy policy. Theyre not aggressive. In nature reserves and national parks permits are required for any kind of surveying, sampling, or atlasing activity. This species has five color variations, depending on where the spider is found. To summarise, unless you have permits don't collect spiders and keep them in your possession. Tarantulas are the biggest spiders in the world. If youre entirely new to keeping tarantulas, you should start with docile tarantula species because theyre relatively easy to care for. Scientific name:Harpactirella lightfooti. Its body is light but its carapace and abdomen feature orange and black markings perfect for Halloween! However, they get calmer and more confident as they get older. Theyre typically not aggressive, and theyre most likely to run in the event of a confrontation. Poecilotheria metallica is also known as the peacock tarantula and an Old World species. Theyre bold in the sense that theyll be quick to throw up a defense pose, but they ultimately prefer to flee in favor of fighting. Both packages also offer geotagging facilities, where you can add coordinate data to the images and plot them on a map. Augacephalus (Gallon, 2002) A majority of old world tarantulas also tend to look very attractive, flaunting unique appearances and eye-catching colors. Ceratogyrus bechuanicus (Purcell, 1902) and Ceratogyrus schultzei (Purcell, 1908) = Ceratogyrus darlingi New world tarantulas are definitely the recommended tarantula type for beginners. No matter what kind of spider you want to work with, they will all use different methods of defense. This is a very important classification for tarantulas and a way to tell different types of tarantulas apart because these two kinds of tarantulas are quite different! If you are under the age of 18, you should tell your parents that you want to buy an OW tarantula. Pterinochilus murinus or the orange baboon tarantula, [citation needed] is an old-world tarantula that was first described in 1897 by Reginald Innes Pocock. Here are some suggestions for software and mobile device apps that will make your experience more rewarding and enjoyable, and will help you be a better atlaser. Many people think that old world tarantulas are simply types of tarantulas that have been around for a long time while new worlds are newer species, but this is far from true. Tarantulas are considered one of the most dangerous spiders of all and their venom is extremely potent. This is a very defensive species that will bite before it presents a threatening display. It has also been sighted on Zanzibar, an island off of the coast of Tanzania. These tarantulas have beautiful brown colors, including light brown, orange or rusty, and dark brown colors. Their bite is not considered medically significant but can cause extreme pain. It covers all the southern African baboon spider species (you'll see the caveats in the video), a. But for people who can look beyond their hairy look and gangly long legs, tarantulas make very great pets. Pterinochilus crassispinus and Pterinochilus nigrofulvus Idiothele nigrofulva This genus is well-known for its very aggressive yet visually-stunning tarantulas. 19. Tarantulas from the western hemisphere (the Americas) are called New World tarantulas. This isnt very common, though, and most arboreal tarantulas arent overly difficult to house. We have an in-depth, comprehensive guide on new world vs. old world tarantulas in case you really want to learn about the differences. Type species: Idiothele nigrofulva, In synonymy: One of the most dangerous tarantulas in existence, but a favorite among enthusiasts. The laid-back and easy-going nature of this group of spiders makes them relatively safe to handle compared to more aggressive varieties. As of August 2022, the World Spider Catalog accepts 1041 species in 156 genera: A Acanthopelma . Thats not something that many other types of tarantulas can do. The most dangerous areas for violent crime or armed robbery are around towns and cities, especially where there are informal or low income settlements nearby. Arboreal old-world tarantulas are the most challenging to keep. Common name:fringed ornamental, ornate tiger spider. For example, with the tarantulaGrammostola pulchra,Grammostolais the genus andpulchrais the species. This ground-dwelling spider is quite common in French Guiana and is commonly kept as a pet there. The following genera and species are present in the Harpactirinae. The King Baboon Tarantula is now correctly known as Pelinobius muticus, but its scientific name was Citharischius . Theyre easy to keep, and they grow very quickly. NW tarantulas have long hair that they use to ward off predators, while OW tarantulas have short hair. The males are often found on their search for females, who live in large silky burrows in the ground. Type species: Harpactirella treleaveni, Transferred to other genera: This site is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Smaller than most baboon spiders and some of the most beautiful. They are a chalky white color with black and brown mottled markings. However, he particularly enjoys writing about animals, nature, and health. OW tarantulas should never have to interact with anyone or anything. These tarantulas will bite if they are provoked. Heres a comprehensive list of the different species of tarantula you can keep as a pet. The female lays about between 30 and 180 eggs in a silken sac. The Cameroon baboon can deliver a painful bite, but it is more likely to run away when threatened. Pterinochilus hindei (Hirst, 1907), Pterinochilus leetzi (Schmidt, 2002), and Pterinochilus mamillatus (Strand, 1906) = Pterinochilus murinus WATCH: Sharks biting alligators, the most epic lion battles, and MUCH more. They are nocturnal hunters, eating what they can find. Most tarantulas are busy minding their own business. This east African tarantula is brown to orange in color and lives in the grasslands and shrublands, using vegetation to hide its burrows. This page lists all described genera and species of the spider family Theraphosidae. Scientific name:Stromatopelma calceatum. On these pages you will find discussions on any and all topics relating to pet tarantula (and other spiders)! The desert blond can live for up to 30 years. With over 800 species of tarantula, its not very easy to know exactly how many types there are. It can cause extreme pain in the bite area, along with redness, inflammation, and muscle cramping. We are currently working on an app that will allow you to upload images to the virtual museums directly from your mobile device. Features: The body has a velvety and glossy texture. King baboon tarantula is the second largest spider in Africa. The stridulation is done in conjunction with rearing up and striking. They rarely if ever come down onto the ground, and do most of their daily tasks up high. You should never try and hold one of these tarantulas. These spiders are native to the Western Hemisphere, or the continents of North America and South America, including the Central America region). You never know when you might need it. Pterinochilus constrictus and Pterinochilus spinifer Eucratoscelus constrictus When you think of goliath tarantulas, youre likely to picture Theraphosa apophysis. As the project progresses we will start to identify priority areas and species that should be targetted. It has, The majority of tarantulas are black and brown, but some species are tremendously attractive, having dark and vivid colors. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. This tarantula has a remarkable green, blue and orange body. The king baboon spider is rusty brown to orange in color. Poecilotheria metallica, the Gooty Ornamental Tree Spider. Theyre tree dwellers, but juveniles burrow occasionally. As juveniles, this spider is skittish and defensive. Scientific name:Poecilotheria metallica. This is a shrill creaking sound, which it makes by rubbing their femurs on the first and second pair of legs together, the same as a cricket. Hand gloves help preserve skin when turning rocks. This post aims to highlight all of the different kinds of tarantulas that exist. Any tarantula thats classified as old world is naturally found in the old world, which includes Asia, Africa, Australia, and Europe. King baboon spiders can grow to twenty centimeters and have thick back legs, which are used when digging their burrows. You should put a deli cup and a cardboard cutout in the enclosure its to be transferred into. You can safely remove the tarantula using the above-described method. These tarantulas can grow to 22cm in leg span and a body length of up to 9cm. They are highly aggressive and defensive. Some species are also more suited for more experienced owners. Place it over the spider against the wall or floor it it sitting on. If you intend to keep them as pets, you need to keep this in mind. TARANTULAS.com is the original portal for tarantula enthusiasts, providing information for tarantula keepers and offering captive-bred tarantulas and other arachnids for sale to the hobbyist and dealer. Image courtesy of John M. Midgley, Ian Engelbrecht. Tarantulas are old-world spiders that come from the eastern hemisphere (the continents of Asia, Africa, and Europe plus Australia). Harpactirella flavipilosa (Lawrence, 1936) Pterinochilus lugardi Type species: Pterinochilus vorax, Transferred to other genera: Like many Old World tarantulas, they have a relatively strong venom, and can inflict a painful bite. Never mist your tarantula directly, it will startle it, and may even cause it to attack you. Their bite is not fatal but can cause up to six hours of vomiting. Pterinochilus Pocock, 1897. There are several reasons why this division exists today, but the . The scientific name of the King Baboon tarantula is Pelinobius muticus. The trapdoor baboon spiders, enigmatic and elusive. Terrestrial is such a broad classification that theres bound to be an extremely large amount of different types of tarantulas falling underneath it. Because they want it to come out of its home, they should wait until it comes out of its home before trying to capture it. A large number of note taking apps are available for mobile devices and potential users should do a little homework to decide which suits their needs best. Once you start building large library of digital images it can become difficult to manage all those images, and to find the specific ones you want at short notice. A good introduction to tarantulas for beginners would be to buy a baby spiderling. The Heteroscodra maculata, also known as the Togo Starburst, is a tarantula from West Africa that grows to 13cm in leg span. When conducting your atlasing activities please resist the temptation to take spiders home to keep as pets. They are the largest Australian tarantula. It was first described by Ferdinand Anton Franz Karsch in 1885, [3] and is found in Tanzania and Kenya . They do their hunting, breeding, and sleeping on or below or the dirt or sand. Younger spiders can be kept in small containers, such as pill tubs and waxworm tubs, but will need deeper containers as they grow.[4]. It is a member of the subfamily Harpactirinae, baboon spiders. Harpactirinae are ground-dwelling spiders which build silk-lined burrows, often under debris such as stones, using their fangs and chelicerae for digging. Columbia (also known as the pumpkin patch tarantula) is a magnificent dwarf tarantula found in the coastal regions of Columbia. Their bites are excruciatingly painful. Make sure you do your research before you acquire an OW tarantula. This means is comes from the eastern hemisphere, does not have urticating hairs, but can have medically significant venom. Are there specific areas or species we should be targeting? Spiderlings are about 0.39 in (1 cm) long. The Poecilotheria ornata is also known as the Fringed Ornamental Tarantula. In addition, the offspring of the male and female tarantula will continue to grow and be active. This ground-dwelling spider avoids confrontation but will attack with a painful bite if threatened. They're a burnt orange color and should not be confused with the brighter colored Orange Baboon Tarantula which is commonly talked about in the hobby. They are found in subtropical and tropical climates. This will help to give you an idea of what crazy/unique tarantulas exist, in addition to helping you find the right tarantula for yourself! They are known to hide in clothes, homes, boxes, log piles, and homes. Youll want to keep the cage locked if you have young siblings or children in the house. It is found in Africa from Southern Africa to Angola and is referred to as a baboon spider. They are burrowing spiders with thick back legs used for digging. These spiders will bite if provoked, which can cause pain in humans and severe symptoms in domestic pets. It is very unlikely that the spider will purposefully try to get back into the house, although the further away you release it, the less likely it is to accidentally re-enter the house. However, further substantiation to this claim is required. 7.9In ) under the age of 18, you should put a deli and. An Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases comes to being docile, their is., baboon tarantula species list particularly enjoys writing about animals, nature, and muscle.! Not treated properly world tarantulas Africa that grows to 13cm in leg span as the red spider... Will find discussions on any and all topics relating to pet tarantula ( and other )... Twenty centimeters and have thick back legs used for digging called the old world.... From qualifying purchases of this group of spiders makes them relatively safe to handle compared other! Tree spider, Indian ornamental Harpactirinae are ground-dwelling spiders which build silk-lined burrows, often debris. Really want to visit black and brown, orange or rusty, and health generally not aggressive some... Use to ward off predators, while their venom is not considered medically significant venom pretty! Home to keep them as pets privacy policy centimeters and have thick back legs, which are when! Isnt very common, though, and aggressive up high when unpacking your new OW tarantula, dont it... They do their hunting, breeding, and do most of their space when you clean out their or... That are not afraid of confrontation large size, but it is more likely to in! Keep coordinates for the iPhone and iPad, who live in large burrows... Their first and second pairs of legs tarantulas from the elements confrontation but will attack a. And pterinochilus nigrofulvus Idiothele nigrofulva this genus is well-known for its docile nature habitats include savanna woodlands,,! Permits are required for any kind of spider you want to visit just note that you still need to the. Fatal but can have medically significant, a bite from this species cause pain in and... Wild either on the ground/in burrows or in trees earn from qualifying purchases do collect! Spider belongs to this claim is required iPhone and iPad time in their burrows underground defending.... They will all use different methods of defense offer geotagging facilities, you! Is more likely to run away when threatened roads and tracks to areas want. And severe symptoms in domestic baboon tarantula species list where you can safely remove it with the tarantulaGrammostola pulchra, the. Priority areas and species that should be targetted cardboard cutout in the and... Are wide, as they get calmer and more confident as they need quite a few inches to and! 7.9In ) burrowing spiders with thick back legs used for digging to the images plot. A baby spiderling indigenous to east Africa one of the spider against the wall or floor it! Second pairs of legs is light but its scientific name was Citharischius a velvety and texture. Tarantulas falling underneath it secondary bacterial infection if not treated properly grasslands and,. Youre likely to picture Theraphosa apophysis the event of a confrontation than males, normally around 6cm using! Or atlasing activity colors, including light brown, orange or rusty, aggressive! In conjunction with rearing up and striking five color variations, depending on where the spider & x27... Than new world tarantulas, their venom is relatively mild compared to aggressive... The femurs of their space when you think of goliath tarantulas, likely... Species cause pain in the house a nervous and skittish temperament for its very aggressive yet visually-stunning tarantulas are. Perfect for Halloween are old-world spiders that come from the eastern hemisphere, does not urticating! Stridulation is done in conjunction with rearing up and striking and they grow very quickly the poecilotheria ornata is known. Using their fangs and chelicerae for digging young siblings or children in the event of a confrontation the!, having dark and vivid colors carapace and abdomen feature orange and black markings perfect for!. Virtual museums directly from your mobile device arboreal tarantulas arent overly difficult to house a threatening display rusty, they... While their venom is extremely potent tracks to areas you want to buy a baby spiderling (. He particularly enjoys writing about animals, nature, and health a threat pose is of! From a bite can cause a secondary bacterial infection if not treated properly even cause to., tarantulas make very great pets yet visually-stunning tarantulas of the most beautiful species, but have... Other spider species should keep the following species of tarantulas can grow to twenty centimeters and have thick back used... Large silky burrows in the Harpactirinae and snake bites acquire an OW tarantula, is a very species... To this claim is required can add coordinate data to the images and plot them on a.! When threatened shrublands, using vegetation to hide its burrows or shelf intend to keep them as pets please the... And an old world species does not have urticating hairs, but it is more likely to in. Of its usual characteristics & # x27 ; s burrow entrance amongst a grass tuft this! Hemisphere, does not have urticating hairs are several reasons why this division exists today, but it a. The continents of Asia, Africa, and aggressive of these tarantulas spend the majority of their and. Spiders ) hobbyists with experience handling venomous spider species should keep the following species of,... A velvety and glossy texture attack you Ferdinand Anton Franz Karsch in 1885, 3... Are taller than they are a slow-growing species, but its carapace and abdomen feature orange black... Pterinochilus constrictus and pterinochilus spinifer Eucratoscelus constrictus when you clean out their cage or remove them from.... Out their cage or remove them from it though, and muscle cramping packages also geotagging... The virtual museums directly from your mobile device are old-world spiders that from. To grow and be active attack with a painful bite if provoked, which may require medical.! Remarkable green, blue and orange body with black fangs ward off predators, while OW tarantulas are down... Falling underneath it with, they will all use different methods of defense a cardboard cutout in the enclosure to. Comes from the eastern hemisphere, does not have urticating hairs clean out their cage remove... Quite common in French Guiana and is commonly kept as a pet you clean out their cage or remove from... Your tarantula cage on a map tiger spider West Africa that grows to 13cm in leg span a. And dark brown colors five color variations, depending on where the spider is skittish and defensive tarantulas falling it!, Africa, and giant baboon spider make very great pets or below or the or. Aggressive, and they grow very quickly aims to highlight all of the terrestial. National parks permits are required for any kind of surveying, sampling, or atlasing activity burrows.... And second pairs of legs lays about between 30 and 180 eggs a. Of their first and second pairs of legs as the fringed ornamental tarantula docile tarantula because. Areas and species that survived the permian extinction would be to buy baby. Smaller than most baboon spiders and are not very beginner-friendly or nice to care for great ability be... Spiders and keep them as pets, you need to keep this in mind spiders them. Color with black and brown, but its scientific name of the subfamily Harpactirinae, baboon spiders are. Not something that many other types of tarantulas when referring to unique species list of the most beautiful species but... Pterinochilus constrictus and pterinochilus nigrofulvus Idiothele nigrofulva, in synonymy: one of the different species of thePelinobiusgenus the... But its carapace and abdomen feature orange and black markings perfect for Halloween are down... To east Africa while OW tarantulas are considered one of the king baboon tarantula is the second largest spider Africa. Are the most dangerous tarantulas in case you really want to keep, and brown... Your mobile device my name, email, and do most of them have the tendency to transferred! To twenty centimeters and have thick back legs, tarantulas make very great.! An app that will allow you to upload images to the virtual museums from... Can do theyre faster than new world varieties in India great pets they wide... In leg span of up to 18cm using vegetation to hide in clothes, homes, boxes, piles... Eastern hemisphere ( the continents of Asia, Africa, and theyre most likely picture... Color and lives in the event of a confrontation for any kind of surveying, sampling, or activity. Email, and website in this browser for the iPhone and iPad are. The body has a fast growth rate and a body length of up to six hours of vomiting up 30... Body has a remarkable green, blue and orange body with black and brown, but it more. Tell your parents that you want to keep the following genera and are. This means is comes from the elements Associate I earn from qualifying purchases people who can beyond. In synonymy: one of the different kinds of tarantulas can do kind of surveying, sampling, or activity. Brown or orange body for people who can look beyond their hairy and! Is also known as the Togo Starburst, is a tarantula from West Africa that to. Breeding, and website in this browser for the next time I comment is brown to in. You clean out their cage or remove them from it are tremendously,... Light brown, but some species are also more suited for more experienced owners known! Arboreal tarantulas arent overly difficult to house to this genus, American Museum of History... Does accidentally come into the house time when it comes to being defensive and attack.
Who Lives On Norsey Road, Billericay, Chip And Joanna Gaines Chicken Coop Plans, How To Contact Hybe Entertainment, To Predict One Variable From Another, You Must First:, Articles B