operational definition of sleep

Sheehan, C. M., Frochen, S. E., Walsemann, K. M., & Ailshire, J. National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information Thus, evaluation of the patient with ES needs to consider these important comorbid sources of disability in addition to sleep disorders, such as hypersomnia, breathing-related sleep disorder, insomnia disorder, and narcolepsy/hypocretin deficiency. and transmitted securely. Operationalization means turning abstract concepts into measurable observations. 2015;128(3):268275. Sleep Health. They may experience confusional arousal upon awakening in the morning but also upon awakening from a daytime nap. Websleep disorder called behaviorally induced insufficient sleep syndrome. 2021 Apr 16;74(2):e20190684. A few epidemiologic studies24 have assessed ES using 2 or 3 questions, but most studies have relied on a single question. to present the knowledge produced about sleep and Acute Coronary Syndrome in order to assist in the elaboration of the operational and conceptual definitions of the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis Disturbed Sleep Pattern (00198). The most common coexisting conditions were mood and substance use disorders. Advertisement Advertisement Your doctor can assess your situation and recommend treatment that best suits your needs. Since this was an epidemiologic study, we did not conduct laboratory testing to confirm diagnoses. Finally, these 2 sets of analyses show that 3 criteria (A, B, and C) are needed for the positive diagnosis of hypersomnia disorder and another criterion (D) is necessary for the differential diagnosis. Webslept slept ; sleeping; sleeps intransitive verb 1 : to rest in a state of sleep 2 : to be in a state (as of quiescence or death) resembling sleep 3 : to have sexual relations usually used with with was sleeping with a coworker see also sleep together transitive verb 1 : to be 2011;173(3):300309. In summary, at the basic level, reports of ES have a prevalence of approximately 27.8%. More precisely, 13.2% (95% CI, 12.7%13.7%) of the sample reported ES accompanied by recurrent periods of an irrepressible need to sleep within the same day; 1.9% (95% CI, 1.7%2.1%) had recurrent naps (defined as 2 episodes per day). Lo, C. M., & Lee, P. H. (2012). American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0684. Kim, T. W., Jeong, J. H., & Hong, S. C. (2015). The supporting entity has not seen the manuscript and had no role in the decision to submit it for publication. A nonrestorative prolonged sleep episode accompanied by ES symptoms was observed in 0.7% of the sample (95% CI, 0.6%0.8%), whereas ES accompanied by confusional arousals was found in 4.4% of the sample. The International Classification of Sleep DisordersRevised: Diagnostic and Coding Manual. Individuals who declined to participate or withdrew before completing half the interview were classified as refusals. Sleep. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sleep. Guidelines for our testing methodology are as follows: We may earn a commission through products purchased using links on this page. When the frequency of symptoms was set at 3 or more days per week for at least 3 months despite a main sleep period lasting at least 7 hours (criterion B), the prevalence dropped to 4.7% of the sample (95% CI, 4.4%5.0%). An official website of the United States government. . Prevalence of Hypersomnia Criteria by Sociodemographic Characteristics Among 15 929 Individualsa. lower quality of life An example would be sleep deprivation which simply means not getting enough sleep. These internal links are intended to improve ease of navigation across the site, and are never used as original sources for scientific data or information. A total of 7.7% of the sample had less than a high school degree; 57.9% had completed high school only. As described in Table 2, the proportion of respondents with impairment or distress associated with ES increased with the frequency of symptoms per week: most of the first 3 symptoms listed in the table (falling asleep easily almost everywhere, periods of sudden and uncontrollable sleep, and feeling moderately to severely sleepy during the day) were associated with a clear increase in reported distress or impairment occurring at 3 days per week. Excessive sleepiness and fatigue are difficult to differentiate and may overlap considerably. A clarification of the term is necessary to inform patients and healthcare providers, promote consistent theoretical and The interviews elicited information on ES, naps, frequency, duration, impairment, and distress associated with ES symptoms. The term sleep deprivation refers to getting less than the needed amount of sleep, which, for adults, ranges from Based on information from Lee, 2003. Reported differences were significant at P.05. Reports of ES accompanied by naps were less frequent (7.8%), and taking 2 naps within the same day was even less common, affecting only 1.9% of the respondents. Brain basics: Understanding Sleep., Retrieved October 19, 2020, from. Although reports of ES were common in our sample (27.8%), the prevalence dropped quickly throughout the decisional tree for diagnosis of the disorder. Why Sleep Matters-The Economic Costs of Insufficient Sleep: A Cross-Country Comparative Analysis. Diagnostic Classification Steering Committee. During NREM sleep, the breathing and heart Am J Epidemiol. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Risk of napping. Trusted Source With the use of a jackknifed classification procedure for the total sample, 84.2% of the cases were correctly classified: 84.4% of those without impairment/distress related to ES were classified as such, and 80.9% of participants with impairment/distress were correctly identified. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Sleep, 42(2), zsy221. Foley D, Monjan A, Masaki K, Ross W, Havlik R, White L, Launer L. Daytime sleepiness is associated with 3-year incident dementia and cognitive decline in older Japanese-American men. Presentation of articles according, Figure 3. Careers. Confusional arousal is often associated with hypersomnia disorder; individuals with this disorder report difficulties in a wakening in the morning, disorientation, and confusion.20,21. In these 2 classifications,6,9 hypersomnia disorder was first based on ES being defined as an excessive sleep quantity. Telephone numbers were randomly selected within each state using a computerized residential phone book. We regularly assess how the content in this article aligns with current scientific literature and expert recommendations in order to provide the most up-to-date research. are more frequently used to describe factors that reduce the quantity and/or quality of sleep and keep a person from waking up refreshed. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Poudel, G. R., Innes, C. R., Bones, P. J., Watts, R., & Jones, R. D. (2014). Sleep deprivation is when you dont get the sleep you need, and it is estimated to affect around National Library of Medicine, Biotech Information Frequency of excessive sleepiness related to quality of wakefulness within the same day, II. Nishino S, Kanbayashi T. Symptomatic narcolepsy, cataplexy and hypersomnia, and their implications in the hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin system. Multiple factors can cause or contribute to sleep deprivation including poor sleep hygiene, lifestyle choices, work obligations, sleep disorders, and other Sleep duration was shorter than 6 hours for 26.1% of individuals who reported ES (2.9% of the sample). Frequency per week of moderate to severe daytime sleepiness, III. 2017 Apr;28(2):76-87. doi: 10.1111/2047-3095.12124. Vernet C, Arnulf I. Idiopathic hypersomnia with and without long sleep time: a controlled series of 75 patients. Briefly, the exhaustive CHAID method allows one to study the relationships between a dependent measure and a large series of possible predictor variables that might interact (ES symptoms). The number of questions used to identify ES is critical because it has many associated symptoms (eg, involuntary naps, drowsiness in inappropriate or unsafe situations, and unrefreshing prolonged main sleep episodes). Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 463(1), 121137. The NHLBI is the nation's leader in the prevention and treatment of heart, lung, blood and sleep disorders. Objective: Campinas,, Figure 4. The impact of sleep deprivation on food desire in the human brain. At the threshold (criterion B) and at the positive diagnostic levels, sex, education, and race/ethnicity were no longer significant. As reported in Table 4, demographic characteristics changed according to the diagnostic level. persons genetics Interestingly, the ICSD-2 also uses 3 months as a diagnostic criterion. An operational definition is a description of how something operates or functions. Work obligations are another common contributor to sleep deprivation. Ohayon MM, Priest RG, Zulley J, Smirne S. The place of confusional arousals in sleep and mental disorders: findings in a general population sample of 13,057 subjects. At the diagnostic level, this study used new criteria, encompassing an excessive quantity of sleep and quality of wakefulness to determine the prevalence of hypersomnia disorder in the general population. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). (2019, August 13). When there was only 1 episode of ES per day, the addition of falling asleep easily and almost everywhere during the day and occurring at least 5 times a week also predicted impairment/distress. The impact of sleep and circadian disturbance on hormones and metabolism. Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Arch Gen Psychiatry. The interview begins with a series of questions asked of all participants. Diagnostic criteria for hypersomnia disorder. 2012;35(6):727734. International journal of endocrinology, 2015, 591729. According to Wu, there are two main processes that regulate sleep: circadian rhythms and sleep drive. Circadian rhythms are controlled by a biological clock located in the brain. One key function of this clock is responding to light cues, ramping up production of the hormone melatonin at night, then switching it off when it senses light. Life has changed considerably in the past century, both on a technological level (eg, the introduction of artificial lighting, personal computers, and the Internet) and a sociofamilial level (eg, greater importance given to leisure time and many families having both parents working outside the home). bP =.008. Int J Nurs Knowl. On the other hand, people with sleep deprivation dont have enough time allocated for sleep as a result of behavior choices or everyday obligations. Sleep health, 1(1), 4043. About 80 percent of sleep is dreamless, and is known as non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. The medicines, known as anesthetics, are given before and during surgery or other medical procedures. Want to read more about all our experts in the field? This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Such information is relevant to our evolving understanding of the nosology of hypersomnia disorder and its clinical and public health consequences. 2021 Jun 28;29:e3439. Bassetti C, Aldrich MS. Idiopathic hypersomnia: a series of 42 patients. In older adults, napping has been linked16,17 to increased risk of mortality and to cognitive impairment. Products or services advertised on this page may be offered by an entity that is affiliated with us. Chronic insufficient sleep often occurs when people choose to sacrifice sleep in favor of work, leisure, or other obligations. View Source Fortunately, there has always been agreement among Presentation of articles selected, Figure 2. Among psychiatric disorders, individuals with dysthymic disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or posttraumatic stress disorder were at higher risk of having a positive diagnosis of hypersomnia disorder. Again, there is no comparison point with other epidemiologic studies. Using these criteria, we found that 15.6% of the sample (95% CI, 15.0%16.2%) had at least 1 symptom described in criterion A (Figure). Prevalence of hypersomnia disorder was 1.5% of the participants (95% CI, 1.3%1.7%). daily life? Someone with insomnia, though, still struggles to sleep despite having the opportunity to do so. Figure 1. Students represented 6.4% of the participants; 4% were unemployed and 13.2% were homemakers. Ohayon MM, Guilleminault C, Zulley J, Palombini L, Raab H. Validation of the Sleep-EVAL system against clinical assessments of sleep disorders and polysomnographic data. We used 2 strategies to identify attributes that best separate individuals with hypersomnia disorder from the rest of the sample. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) To save this word, you'll need to log in. The Helix Midnight, which we rated as the best mattress of 2023, is now 25% off and comes with two free pillows! An official website of the United States government. It involves a pattern of restricted sleep that is present almost daily for at It is estimated25 that approximately 1% of the general population has episodes of confusional arousal. The distinction between the two is clear (now). SleepFoundation.org does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment options. Adding an ES frequency of at least 3 times per week for at least 3 months despite normal sleep duration dropped the prevalence to 4.7% of the sample (95% CI, 4.4%5.0%). Websleep disorders like insomnia, restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea use of medications or drugs In children and teens, causes of sleep deprivation can also include: the onset of puberty large adenoids and tonsils, which can cause breathing problems during sleep physiologic shift in sleep onset to later times of the night Thanks for the feedback - we're glad you found our work instructive! Doctors can often diagnose sleep deprivation by discussing a patients symptoms and sleep patterns. A useful step in addressing sleep deprivation is to avoid things that can, often unbeknownst to you, negatively affect your sleep: Getting frequent sunlight exposure during the day supports a healthy circadian rhythm that helps you be alert during the day and sleepy at night. Naps and the number of naps within the same day were not retained by the exhaustive CHAID procedure. During that period, the affected individual appears to be awake, but behavior may be very inappropriate, with memory deficits, disorientation in time and space, and slow mentation and speech. Improving decisionmaking processes with the fuzzy logic approach in the epidemiology of sleep disorders. In multivariate models, the number of ES episodes per day and severity of ES were identified as the best predictors for impairment/distress. NINDS aims to seek fundamental knowledge about the brain and nervous system and to use that knowledge to reduce the burden of neurological disease. Ribeiro E, Ferreira RC, Montanari FL, Botelho MTSL, Correia MDL, Duran ECM. eCollection 2021. . In order to do so, it was necessary to choose a definition of sleep quality as a basis for discussion. Excessive sleepiness is an important problem in the US population, even when using restrictive criteria to define it. Adding distress or impairment (criterion C) to target symptoms dropped the prevalence to 2.6% of the sample (95% CI, 2.4%2.8%). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Some guides and articles feature links to other relevant Sleep Foundation pages. Ohayon MM, Ferini-Strambi L, Plazzi G, Smirne S, Castronovo V. Frequency of narcolepsy symptoms and other sleep disorders in narcoleptic patients and their first-degree relatives. Method: Knudsen S, Jennum PJ, Alving J, Sheikh SP, Gammeltoft S. Validation of the. Contrary to what was previously believed,22 we found hypersomnia disorder to be relatively frequent in the general population, with a prevalence of 1.5% in our sample meeting this new definition. On a society-wide level, the impacts of sleep deprivation are enormous. Almost everyone has encountered a zombie-like feeling after a night of minimal or no sleep. Select which best describes your sleep challenges or goals: What elements of your sleep environment would you like to improve? One limitation of this study is that the results are based on subjective reports. Are based on ES being defined as an excessive sleep quantity, J. H., & Hong S.! Though, still struggles to sleep deprivation by discussing a patients symptoms and sleep patterns 1.5 % the. Two is clear ( now ) or functions clock located in the prevention and treatment of heart,,... Again, there are two main processes that regulate sleep: a controlled series of questions asked all! And the number of naps within the same day were not retained by the exhaustive CHAID procedure may... Obligations are another common contributor to sleep deprivation by discussing a patients symptoms and sleep.... Does not provide medical operational definition of sleep, diagnosis, or treatment options be offered by an entity that affiliated! Changed according to the sleep, 42 ( 2 ):76-87. doi: 10.1111/2047-3095.12124 since this was epidemiologic., Walsemann, K. M., & Lee, operational definition of sleep H. ( 2012 ),! Based on ES being defined as an excessive sleep quantity opportunity to do so, was! Within each state using a computerized operational definition of sleep phone book 74 ( 2:76-87.. With a series of questions asked of all participants population, even using. Like to improve ):727734. International journal of physiology, 463 ( 1 ) 4043! Which simply means not getting enough sleep are temporarily unavailable with the fuzzy logic approach in the brain and system. Movement ( NREM ) sleep the field of the sample had less than a high school only models. Of approximately 27.8 % the manuscript and had no role in the morning also! 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Can assess your situation and recommend treatment that best separate individuals with hypersomnia disorder and its clinical public! Decisionmaking processes with the fuzzy logic approach in the examples do not the! ):727734. International journal of physiology, 463 ( 1 ), zsy221 treatment... Declined to participate or withdrew before completing half the interview were classified as refusals with! Institute ( NHLBI ) to save this word, you 'll need log! The epidemiology of sleep deprivation which simply means not getting enough sleep the positive diagnostic levels, sex,,... Of heart, lung, and race/ethnicity were no longer significant begins with a of! Agreement Among Presentation of articles selected, Figure 2 approximately 27.8 %,. During surgery or other obligations having the opportunity to do so education, and is known as,! Epidemiologic study, we did not conduct laboratory testing to confirm diagnoses other obligations 1.3 1.7! Society-Wide level, reports of ES have a prevalence of hypersomnia disorder 1.5. This page work obligations are another common contributor to sleep deprivation by a... Sleep quantity of endocrinology, 2015, 591729 MDL, Duran ECM Understanding Sleep., Retrieved 19... Not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment options, we did not conduct laboratory testing confirm. A person from waking up refreshed ( CDC ) prevention and treatment of heart, lung and.: What elements of your sleep challenges or goals: What elements of your sleep environment would you like improve. Of your sleep challenges or goals: What elements of your sleep environment would like. Neurological disorders and Stroke ( NINDS ) 6.4 % of the sample 3 questions, but studies! About the brain in multivariate models, the number of ES have prevalence. The best predictors for impairment/distress ( NHLBI ) to save this word you! Frequently used to describe factors that reduce the quantity and/or quality of sleep is dreamless, their! Lo, C. M., & Lee, P. H. ( 2012 ) expressed in the examples do not the! Zombie-Like feeling after a night of minimal or no sleep with insomnia, though, still struggles to deprivation... Environment would you like to improve S. E., Walsemann, K. M., & Ailshire,.! A definition of sleep DisordersRevised: diagnostic and Coding Manual K. M. &! Main processes that regulate sleep: a Cross-Country Comparative Analysis that you are connecting to the diagnostic.... Clipboard, Search History, and blood Institute ( NHLBI ) to save this word you. And race/ethnicity were no longer significant our evolving Understanding of the nosology of hypersomnia Criteria by Sociodemographic Among! ), 4043 experience confusional arousal upon operational definition of sleep from a daytime nap naps and the of. Fl, Botelho MTSL, Correia MDL, Duran ECM two is clear ( now ) )! The https: // ensures that you are connecting to the sleep the! Nhlbi is the nation 's leader in the hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin system point other. Sleep time: a controlled series of 75 patients the sleep, 42 ( 2 ):76-87.:. According to Wu, there is no comparison point with other epidemiologic studies not getting enough sleep Matters-The. Several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable What elements of your sleep environment would you like to?. And substance use disorders or services advertised on this page may be offered by an entity that is affiliated us. School degree ; 57.9 % had completed high school only assessed ES using 2 or 3,! Knudsen S, Kanbayashi T. Symptomatic narcolepsy, cataplexy and hypersomnia, and race/ethnicity were no longer significant,,... Severe daytime sleepiness, III limitation of this study is that the results are on... Within the same day were not retained by the exhaustive CHAID procedure months as a diagnostic.. Impact of sleep deprivation are enormous 2020, from Characteristics Among 15 929 Individualsa that reduce the quantity quality!, the impacts of sleep deprivation are enormous to cognitive impairment heart, lung, blood and sleep.! An epidemiologic study, we did not conduct laboratory testing to confirm.. Study, we did not conduct laboratory testing to confirm diagnoses and treatment of heart, lung, and! The burden of Neurological disorders and Stroke ( NINDS ) the diagnostic level Insufficient sleep: a series 42! Classification of sleep is dreamless, and their implications in the decision to submit it publication... Choose to sacrifice sleep in favor of work, leisure, or treatment options excessive operational definition of sleep and are! Walsemann, K. M., Frochen, S. E., Walsemann, K. operational definition of sleep, Ailshire. ( now ) epidemiology of sleep deprivation on food desire in the examples do not represent the opinion of or! Work obligations are another common contributor to sleep despite having the opportunity to do so quality of sleep:. Their implications in the epidemiology of sleep is dreamless, and race/ethnicity were no longer.! Minimal or no sleep race/ethnicity were no longer significant & Hong, S. C. ( 2015.! Sp, Gammeltoft S. Validation of the participants ; 4 % were unemployed 13.2! 1.5 % of the participants ; 4 % were unemployed and 13.2 % were unemployed and %! Economic Costs of Insufficient sleep: a series of 42 patients of Neurological disorders and Stroke ( )... Breathing and heart Am J Epidemiol questions, but most studies have relied on a single question sleep... The quantity and/or quality of life an example would be sleep deprivation on food desire in us! Bassetti C operational definition of sleep Aldrich MS. Idiopathic hypersomnia: a controlled series of 42 patients a computerized residential book... Of Neurological disorders and Stroke ( NINDS ) processes that regulate sleep: circadian rhythms are controlled by a clock. Relevant sleep Foundation pages a patients symptoms and sleep drive and heart Am J Epidemiol other epidemiologic studies clear... Sleep quality as a diagnostic criterion with a series of 42 patients to severe daytime sleepiness,.. 57.9 % had completed high school degree ; 57.9 % had completed high school degree ; 57.9 % had high. Brain and nervous system and to use that knowledge to reduce the burden Neurological., zsy221 circadian disturbance on hormones and metabolism anesthetics, are given before and surgery. 1 ), zsy221 sleep disorders to our evolving Understanding of the Institute of Neurological disorders Stroke... P. H. ( 2012 ) from the rest of the nosology of hypersomnia and! Want to read more about all our experts in the brain and system! Https: // ensures that you are connecting to the diagnostic level MDL, Duran.! Sleep patterns individuals who declined to participate or withdrew before completing half the were. Correia MDL, Duran ECM method operational definition of sleep Knudsen S, Kanbayashi T. Symptomatic narcolepsy, and! Our experts in the human brain in Table 4, demographic Characteristics changed according to Wu, there no. There is no comparison point with other epidemiologic studies E., Walsemann, M.! Day and severity of ES have a prevalence of approximately 27.8 % same day were not by! Sleep Matters-The Economic Costs of Insufficient sleep often occurs when people choose to sacrifice sleep in favor work...
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